Notes of western sociologists

Western sociologists
3 major revolutions responsible for the development of sociology-
1)scientific/enlightenment rev -
->17th and 18th century new ideas and new ways of thinking emerged,people were more
factual an scientific.
->only the people who could think were considered complete humans,people who could
not think were primitive people.
->helped in development of mind as people started questioning.
2)french rev-
->people of France protested and revolted against the monarchy,uprooting centuries
old way of ruling which is monarchy and the feudal system.
->citizens became free and enjoyed equality and privacy,the state laws could not
intervene in the private life’s of people ,there was change in the political
structure.
->ideals of the revolution were-liberty,equality,fraternity.
3)Industrial Revolution-
->industries came into the world and production through machines started
happening,started around late 18th early 19th century in Britain.
->the modern industries have 2 aspects-growth of science and technology by
invention of new types of machines and power.organising labour and market and
promoted mass manufacturing.promoted urbanisation.
->Sociological theory was the result of the 3 revolutions.


KARL MARX-
->social thinker and focused on economy.
->born in Germany (1818-1883) later went to England.
->lifelong frnd-friedrich Engels.
->major works-
=Capitol,
=communist manifesto,
=a contribution to the critique of political economy

Karl Marx vision of society-mode of production,focused alot on economy.every
society has oppressor and oppressed and all the below stages are catogorised by ode
of production
—->Human society——-progresses through different stages———primitive communism-
ancient times,mode of production was equal——-Slavery-powerful made weaker people
slaves ——-Feudalism-people with more land made poorer people or people with less
land work for them without wages also called feudalism.———-Capitalism-latest phase
of human advancement,earn more and more profit,is a system that is oppressive and
exploitative.he says that if capitalism didn’t exist then we would not have come to
know that we need an egalitarian future(equal future) hence it is important.Marx
focused on economics aspects(based on mode of production)

KARL MARX BASE SUPER STRUCTURE MODEL-base of a building on which the building
stands(economic base is holded by capitalists(production,distribution and
consumption)-made of productive forces(land,labour,technology,power supply, etc
basically raw materials) and productive relations(relationship with
technology,relationship of land and labour,forms of organisation of labour,market
[lans and policy))rest of the whole building is a super
structure(beliefs,norms,religion,politics,caste and all the other institutions of
the society,all these originate from the economic base).
->MARX ARGUED THAT PEOPLES IDEAS AND BELIEFS ORIGINATED FROM THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF
WHICH THEY WERE A PART OF.

Alienation of capitalist society(relation between owner(profit) and worker(earn
income)-
NATURE(a worker engages so much in their work that they get alienated from the