Med-Surg 1 Final Exam Latest Update 2025-2026
100 Questions and 100% Verified Correct
Answers Guaranteed A+
A 10-year-old boy tells a nurse that he wants to give his kidney to his grandfather. How
many years of age should the nurse explain that kidney donors must be?
At least 18 years old
At least 14 years old
At least 16 years old
At least 21 years old - CORRECT ANSWER: At least 18 years old
RATIONALE: The donor must be at least 18 years old, have no systemic disease, and
have normal renal function.
A 16-year-old patient with acute glomerulonephritis complains of boredom with bed rest
and asks when he can become more active. He asks, "What has to happen for me to
get off of bed rest?" What is the most accurate statement by the nurse?
Potassium levels are normal.
The antibiotic protocol is completed.
Blood pressure drops to normal levels.
Dialysis starts. - CORRECT ANSWER: Blood pressure drops to normal levels.
RATIONALE: Bed rest, when ordered, is for the protection of the patient because of
high blood pressure. Bed rest will continue until the treatment causes diuresis and a
drop in the blood pressure.
,A 51-year-old professional tennis instructor is newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis. What
is the nurse's best explanation to the patient when asked what this diagnosis means?
Degeneration of articular cartilage
Presence of antibodies in the synovial fluid
Body's autoimmune response
Dislocation of the patella over the tibia - CORRECT ANSWER: Degeneration of articular
cartilage
RATIONALE: Degeneration of articular cartilage is one of the pathophysiologic changes
of arthritis.
A family member of a patient who has returned to the special unit after renal
transplantation is alarmed by blood in the urine of the patient. What is the nurse's best
explanation when explaining the reason for hematuria in this patient?
"It is related to the immunosuppressant drugs taken before transplantation."
"It is caused by a small vessel that may be bleeding but will coagulate as urine flow
increases."
"It is caused by dye injected during surgery."
"It is a normal postoperative expectation." - CORRECT ANSWER: "It is a normal
postoperative expectation."
RATIONALE: Blood in the urine is an expected postoperative expectation and will
gradually clear up.
A home health care nurse suspects a neuroma in a patient who had an above-the-knee
amputation 1 month earlier. Which complaint by the patient led the nurse to suspect a
neuroma?
Area of swelling and bruising on distal portion of residual limb
,Prickling sensation over residual limb
Sharp severe pain in the residual limb
Area of numbness on distal portion of residual limb - CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp
severe pain in the residual limb
RATIONALE: A neuroma causes sharp severe pain in the residual limb. A neuroma
occurs when severed nerve endings attempt to regenerate. The neuroma requires
excision by the surgeon.
A home health patient diagnosed with cystitis has been prescribed the medication
phenazopyridine (Pyridium). When providing patient teaching, what should the nurse
caution the patient about?
Skin rash
Nausea
Staying out of the heat
Staining of clothing - CORRECT ANSWER: Staining of clothing
RATIONALE: Pyridium causes the urine to be a bright orange color, which can stain
clothing.
A nurse assesses an area where an intravenous (IV) line had been recently removed.
The area has redness, swelling, and warmth. What should the nurse suspect as the
cause?
Blood loss and hemorrhage
Embolus from the former catheter
Inflammation and possible phlebitis
Infiltration and air embolus - CORRECT ANSWER: Inflammation and possible phlebitis
, RATIONALE: IV sites may show signs of inflammation or infection or both after an IV
line has been removed.
A nurse assesses for signs of infected phlebitis. How should the nurse most accurately
describe this complication when documenting?
Pale, cool skin with swelling at the puncture site
Rupture of the cannula with a lump under the skin
Firm, cool, raised, painful area at the puncture site; oozing and purulent drainage
Puncture site red, warm, with an oozing drainage - CORRECT ANSWER: Puncture site
red, warm, with an oozing drainage
RATIONALE: Infection causes redness, warmth, and drainage from the intravenous site.
Red streaks following the path of the vein may be visible.
A nurse assesses that a patient's urine has become much more concentrated. What is
the most likely cause for the change?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Adrenaline
Insulin
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER: Aldosterone
RATIONALE: Aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules, affecting water retention and its
attendant urine concentration.
A nurse clarifies that electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium (K+), break down into
smaller particles when dissolved. What are these smaller particles?
Molecules
100 Questions and 100% Verified Correct
Answers Guaranteed A+
A 10-year-old boy tells a nurse that he wants to give his kidney to his grandfather. How
many years of age should the nurse explain that kidney donors must be?
At least 18 years old
At least 14 years old
At least 16 years old
At least 21 years old - CORRECT ANSWER: At least 18 years old
RATIONALE: The donor must be at least 18 years old, have no systemic disease, and
have normal renal function.
A 16-year-old patient with acute glomerulonephritis complains of boredom with bed rest
and asks when he can become more active. He asks, "What has to happen for me to
get off of bed rest?" What is the most accurate statement by the nurse?
Potassium levels are normal.
The antibiotic protocol is completed.
Blood pressure drops to normal levels.
Dialysis starts. - CORRECT ANSWER: Blood pressure drops to normal levels.
RATIONALE: Bed rest, when ordered, is for the protection of the patient because of
high blood pressure. Bed rest will continue until the treatment causes diuresis and a
drop in the blood pressure.
,A 51-year-old professional tennis instructor is newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis. What
is the nurse's best explanation to the patient when asked what this diagnosis means?
Degeneration of articular cartilage
Presence of antibodies in the synovial fluid
Body's autoimmune response
Dislocation of the patella over the tibia - CORRECT ANSWER: Degeneration of articular
cartilage
RATIONALE: Degeneration of articular cartilage is one of the pathophysiologic changes
of arthritis.
A family member of a patient who has returned to the special unit after renal
transplantation is alarmed by blood in the urine of the patient. What is the nurse's best
explanation when explaining the reason for hematuria in this patient?
"It is related to the immunosuppressant drugs taken before transplantation."
"It is caused by a small vessel that may be bleeding but will coagulate as urine flow
increases."
"It is caused by dye injected during surgery."
"It is a normal postoperative expectation." - CORRECT ANSWER: "It is a normal
postoperative expectation."
RATIONALE: Blood in the urine is an expected postoperative expectation and will
gradually clear up.
A home health care nurse suspects a neuroma in a patient who had an above-the-knee
amputation 1 month earlier. Which complaint by the patient led the nurse to suspect a
neuroma?
Area of swelling and bruising on distal portion of residual limb
,Prickling sensation over residual limb
Sharp severe pain in the residual limb
Area of numbness on distal portion of residual limb - CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp
severe pain in the residual limb
RATIONALE: A neuroma causes sharp severe pain in the residual limb. A neuroma
occurs when severed nerve endings attempt to regenerate. The neuroma requires
excision by the surgeon.
A home health patient diagnosed with cystitis has been prescribed the medication
phenazopyridine (Pyridium). When providing patient teaching, what should the nurse
caution the patient about?
Skin rash
Nausea
Staying out of the heat
Staining of clothing - CORRECT ANSWER: Staining of clothing
RATIONALE: Pyridium causes the urine to be a bright orange color, which can stain
clothing.
A nurse assesses an area where an intravenous (IV) line had been recently removed.
The area has redness, swelling, and warmth. What should the nurse suspect as the
cause?
Blood loss and hemorrhage
Embolus from the former catheter
Inflammation and possible phlebitis
Infiltration and air embolus - CORRECT ANSWER: Inflammation and possible phlebitis
, RATIONALE: IV sites may show signs of inflammation or infection or both after an IV
line has been removed.
A nurse assesses for signs of infected phlebitis. How should the nurse most accurately
describe this complication when documenting?
Pale, cool skin with swelling at the puncture site
Rupture of the cannula with a lump under the skin
Firm, cool, raised, painful area at the puncture site; oozing and purulent drainage
Puncture site red, warm, with an oozing drainage - CORRECT ANSWER: Puncture site
red, warm, with an oozing drainage
RATIONALE: Infection causes redness, warmth, and drainage from the intravenous site.
Red streaks following the path of the vein may be visible.
A nurse assesses that a patient's urine has become much more concentrated. What is
the most likely cause for the change?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Adrenaline
Insulin
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER: Aldosterone
RATIONALE: Aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules, affecting water retention and its
attendant urine concentration.
A nurse clarifies that electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium (K+), break down into
smaller particles when dissolved. What are these smaller particles?
Molecules
