CCT EXAMS VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
1st phase in cardiac cycle
- ANSWERS-- Ventricles relax and fill with blood -lower pressure in ventricles than in atrium = AV valves
open; blood from atrium to ventricles
- increase in HR, decreases ventricular filling & atrial contraction marks the end - diastole
2nd Degree AVB Type I
- ANSWERS-- block is high in the AV node
- some impulses do not reach the ventricle at all
- caused by acute conditions
- AV node fatigues with each heart beat, leading to a prolonged PR, each interval lengthens until a
heartbeat is skipped
- as PR is lengthening, the QRS is shortening with each beat
- No serious symptoms
- usually no treatment
2nd degree AVB Type II
- ANSWERS-- occurs below the AV node in a fascicle that conducts electrical impulses to the ventricles
- less common than Type I
- more serious than type I
- possible need of a pacemaker
3rd phase in cardiac cycle
- ANSWERS-- ventricular relaxation
- vent pressure rapidly decreases when blood is ejected from vents into blood vessels leading away from
the heart
- when pressure falls below the pressure in the blood vessel (aorta or pulm artery), the semi-lunar valves
are forced closed &
- this closure marks the end of the systole & beginning of diastole
- both vent valves are closed & no blood is flowing in or out
- Atrioventricular valves are opened & ventricular filling begins again
, Abnormal ST segments
- ANSWERS-- there is inadequate perfusion to the myocardium, leading to tissue damage
- depression indicates ventricular ischemia
- elevated may indicate hypoxia, or lack of adequate oxygen perfusion
Arm Ergometer Stress test
- ANSWERS--seated with handles of ergometer positioned at chest level
-pt's must maintain 60-75 revolutions per minute
-less sensitive than leg exercise in determining CV abnormalities
Atrial arrhythmias
1) atrial flutter
2) atrial fibrillation
- ANSWERS-- interferes with t he ability to empty blood into the ventricles, which pump blood to the rest
of the body
1) "F" waves 200-350 bmp in saw tooth pattern
2) HR can increase to over 350 bpm & no "P" wave
Atrial Hypertrophy
- ANSWERS-- enlargement of either right or left or both
- may be caused by increase in the volume of blood = causes dilation
- increase in resistance to blood flow out = thickening of the muscle walls
- RT = positive inflection of P wave
- LT = negative deflection of P wave
aVR
- ANSWERS--Unipolar limb lead
-Righ shoulder placement
-positve
1st phase in cardiac cycle
- ANSWERS-- Ventricles relax and fill with blood -lower pressure in ventricles than in atrium = AV valves
open; blood from atrium to ventricles
- increase in HR, decreases ventricular filling & atrial contraction marks the end - diastole
2nd Degree AVB Type I
- ANSWERS-- block is high in the AV node
- some impulses do not reach the ventricle at all
- caused by acute conditions
- AV node fatigues with each heart beat, leading to a prolonged PR, each interval lengthens until a
heartbeat is skipped
- as PR is lengthening, the QRS is shortening with each beat
- No serious symptoms
- usually no treatment
2nd degree AVB Type II
- ANSWERS-- occurs below the AV node in a fascicle that conducts electrical impulses to the ventricles
- less common than Type I
- more serious than type I
- possible need of a pacemaker
3rd phase in cardiac cycle
- ANSWERS-- ventricular relaxation
- vent pressure rapidly decreases when blood is ejected from vents into blood vessels leading away from
the heart
- when pressure falls below the pressure in the blood vessel (aorta or pulm artery), the semi-lunar valves
are forced closed &
- this closure marks the end of the systole & beginning of diastole
- both vent valves are closed & no blood is flowing in or out
- Atrioventricular valves are opened & ventricular filling begins again
, Abnormal ST segments
- ANSWERS-- there is inadequate perfusion to the myocardium, leading to tissue damage
- depression indicates ventricular ischemia
- elevated may indicate hypoxia, or lack of adequate oxygen perfusion
Arm Ergometer Stress test
- ANSWERS--seated with handles of ergometer positioned at chest level
-pt's must maintain 60-75 revolutions per minute
-less sensitive than leg exercise in determining CV abnormalities
Atrial arrhythmias
1) atrial flutter
2) atrial fibrillation
- ANSWERS-- interferes with t he ability to empty blood into the ventricles, which pump blood to the rest
of the body
1) "F" waves 200-350 bmp in saw tooth pattern
2) HR can increase to over 350 bpm & no "P" wave
Atrial Hypertrophy
- ANSWERS-- enlargement of either right or left or both
- may be caused by increase in the volume of blood = causes dilation
- increase in resistance to blood flow out = thickening of the muscle walls
- RT = positive inflection of P wave
- LT = negative deflection of P wave
aVR
- ANSWERS--Unipolar limb lead
-Righ shoulder placement
-positve
