BIOS 256 EXAM 1
1. what are the nucleic acid enzymes in the small intestine?: pancreatic en-zymes (DNA and
RNA) and brush border enzymes (phosphatase, nucleosidase)
2. pancreatic amylase digests : starch
3. pancreatic lipase digests : fat
4. ribonuclease digest : RNA
5. deoxyribonuclease digest : DNA
6. Identify the salivary glands:
7. gives oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta: hepatic artery
8. deoxygenated blood from the intestines, spleen, and stomach go to theliver via the :
portal vein
9. the liver receives nutrients from the : hepatic portal vein
10. deoxygenated blood leaves the liver via the : hepatic vein
11. what artery gives oxygenated blood to the intestines?: mesentery artery
12. blood empties into the sinusoids and flows to the: hepatic vein, ventral vein,and inferior
vena cava
13. what are the ducts of the biliary system?: left and right hepatic duct
14. what will sympathetic innervation inhibit?: gastrointestinal function, GI hor-mone
secretion, and vasodilation
15. what will sympathetic innervation stimulate?: the closure of sphincters
16. what will parasympathetic innervation stimulate?: gastrointestinal function, GI hormone
secretion, and vasodilation of the blood vessels that supply the digestivesystem
17. what is the digestive system moderated by?: short (myenteric) reflex and long (vagovagal)
reflex
18. what is the short (myenteric) reflex triggered with?: the activation of stretch or
chemoreceptors in the digestive tract that send signals to the myenteric plexus to stimulate
contraction of the muscularis layers
19. what is the long (vagovagal) reflex triggered by?: the activation of sensoryautonomic
nerve fibers that send signals to the brainstem
20. branches of which nerve will stimulate digestive motility?: vagus nerve
21. what does the cephalic phase begin with?: thought, smell, or sight of food
22. the cephalic phase stimulates and prior to ingestion and degluti-
tion: gastric secretion, motility
, 23. the gastric phase beings when : food activates stretch and chemorecep-
tors in the stomach activating the myenteric and vagovagal reflexes
24. the gastric phase causes the presence of and : histamine,
gastrin
25. the intestinal phase begins when : food activates the stretch and chemore-
ceptors in the stomach
26. the intestinal phase triggers the release of and : secretion,
CCK
27. what are the hormones of the stomach?: gastrin and ghrelin
28. what are the hormones of the small intestine?: secretin, CCK
29. what are the hormones of the adipose tissue?: leptin
30. what is gastrin stimulated by: distension of the stomach, changes to pH ofgastric juices,
and presence of proteins and caffeine
31. what does gastrin promote?: gastric juice secretion, gastric motility, and gas-tric cell
proliferation
32. gastrin closes the and relaxes the : esophageal sphincter,
pyloricsphincter
33. what is defecation?: elimination of feces
34. What is the defecation reflex?: an involuntary response of the lower bowelspromoting or
even inhibiting a bowel movement.
35. what is degluition?: swallowing
36. what is mastication?: chewing
37. what is peristalsis?: the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the musclesof the
intestine
38. what is segmentation?: ring like constrictions in several places along the in-testines
39. what is the product of chief cells?: pepsinogen
40. what is the product of enteroendocrine cells?: serotonin
41. what is the product of parietal cells?: hydrochloric acid (HCl)
42. What do chief cells secrete?: pepsinogen and gastric lipase
43. where are chief cells absent?: cardial and pyloric glands
44. Where are chief cells found?: gastric glands
45. What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?: hormones and paracrine messen-gers that
regulate digestion
1. what are the nucleic acid enzymes in the small intestine?: pancreatic en-zymes (DNA and
RNA) and brush border enzymes (phosphatase, nucleosidase)
2. pancreatic amylase digests : starch
3. pancreatic lipase digests : fat
4. ribonuclease digest : RNA
5. deoxyribonuclease digest : DNA
6. Identify the salivary glands:
7. gives oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta: hepatic artery
8. deoxygenated blood from the intestines, spleen, and stomach go to theliver via the :
portal vein
9. the liver receives nutrients from the : hepatic portal vein
10. deoxygenated blood leaves the liver via the : hepatic vein
11. what artery gives oxygenated blood to the intestines?: mesentery artery
12. blood empties into the sinusoids and flows to the: hepatic vein, ventral vein,and inferior
vena cava
13. what are the ducts of the biliary system?: left and right hepatic duct
14. what will sympathetic innervation inhibit?: gastrointestinal function, GI hor-mone
secretion, and vasodilation
15. what will sympathetic innervation stimulate?: the closure of sphincters
16. what will parasympathetic innervation stimulate?: gastrointestinal function, GI hormone
secretion, and vasodilation of the blood vessels that supply the digestivesystem
17. what is the digestive system moderated by?: short (myenteric) reflex and long (vagovagal)
reflex
18. what is the short (myenteric) reflex triggered with?: the activation of stretch or
chemoreceptors in the digestive tract that send signals to the myenteric plexus to stimulate
contraction of the muscularis layers
19. what is the long (vagovagal) reflex triggered by?: the activation of sensoryautonomic
nerve fibers that send signals to the brainstem
20. branches of which nerve will stimulate digestive motility?: vagus nerve
21. what does the cephalic phase begin with?: thought, smell, or sight of food
22. the cephalic phase stimulates and prior to ingestion and degluti-
tion: gastric secretion, motility
, 23. the gastric phase beings when : food activates stretch and chemorecep-
tors in the stomach activating the myenteric and vagovagal reflexes
24. the gastric phase causes the presence of and : histamine,
gastrin
25. the intestinal phase begins when : food activates the stretch and chemore-
ceptors in the stomach
26. the intestinal phase triggers the release of and : secretion,
CCK
27. what are the hormones of the stomach?: gastrin and ghrelin
28. what are the hormones of the small intestine?: secretin, CCK
29. what are the hormones of the adipose tissue?: leptin
30. what is gastrin stimulated by: distension of the stomach, changes to pH ofgastric juices,
and presence of proteins and caffeine
31. what does gastrin promote?: gastric juice secretion, gastric motility, and gas-tric cell
proliferation
32. gastrin closes the and relaxes the : esophageal sphincter,
pyloricsphincter
33. what is defecation?: elimination of feces
34. What is the defecation reflex?: an involuntary response of the lower bowelspromoting or
even inhibiting a bowel movement.
35. what is degluition?: swallowing
36. what is mastication?: chewing
37. what is peristalsis?: the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the musclesof the
intestine
38. what is segmentation?: ring like constrictions in several places along the in-testines
39. what is the product of chief cells?: pepsinogen
40. what is the product of enteroendocrine cells?: serotonin
41. what is the product of parietal cells?: hydrochloric acid (HCl)
42. What do chief cells secrete?: pepsinogen and gastric lipase
43. where are chief cells absent?: cardial and pyloric glands
44. Where are chief cells found?: gastric glands
45. What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?: hormones and paracrine messen-gers that
regulate digestion
