BIOS 256 EXAM 3
1. what is hypercapnia: too much CO2
2. a build up of CO2 causes the pH to making it : decrease, acidic
3. during respiratory acidosis, the will not be able to remove the CO2
produced: lungs
4. what is respiratory alkalosis?: abnormally low CO2 in systemic arterial blood(below 35
mmHg)
5. not enough CO2 causes the pH to and become : rise,
alkaline
6. what can respiratory alkalosis be caused by?: hyperventilation
7. how does hyperventilation cause respiratory alkalosis?: breathing too fastcauses a drop in
CO2 levels
8. how does the excretion of hydrogen ions by the kidneys control blood pH?: kidneys
neutralize more acid/base than the respiratory system (if acid is toohigh, kidneys secrete more
H+ to raise pH)
9. what happens when you hold your breath?: body cannot release CO2 whichcauses a
buildup in the blood (hypercapnia)
10. holding your breath causes : respiratory acidosis
11. holding your breath = pH: lower
12. how does type 1 diabetes affect blood pH?: buildup of ketones causes theblood to become
too acidic (low pH)
13. type 1 diabetes results in : metabolic acidosis
14. type 1 diabetes = pH: lower
15. ovaries are homologous to the: testes
16. the ovum is homologous to the: sperm
17. the labia majora is homologous to the: scrotum
18. the labia minora is homologous to the: spongy urethra
19. the vestibule is homologous to the: intermediate urethra
20. the vestibular bulb is homologous to the: corpus spongiosum of penis
21. the clitoris is homologous to the: glans penis and corposa cavernosa
22. the paraurethral glands are homologous to the: prostate
23. the greater vestibular glands are homologous to the: bulbourethral glands
, 24. what is semen?: fluid expelled during orgasm
25. how much fluid is expelled during ejaculation?: 2-5 mL
26. makes up 60% of semen: seminal fluid
27. makes up 30% of semen: prostatic fluid
28. makes up 10% of semen: sperm and spermatic duct secretions
29. what is the normal sperm count?: 50-120 million/mL
30. what is the abnormal sperm count (infertility)?: 20-25 million/mL
31. where does spermatogenesis occur?: seminiferous tubules of the testes
32. what is spermatogenesis?: sperm production
33. where are Leydig cells located?: within the connective tissue that surroundsthe
seminiferous tubules
34. LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce : testosterone
35. what is the function of inhibin?: reduce FSH output from the anterior pituitarygland
36. what is inhibin secreted by: nurse cells
37. during a vasectomy what structure is cut to prevent sperm from leavingthe testes?: ductus
deferens
38. after a vasectomy, is sexual function affected?: no
39. after a vasectomy, seminal volume remains the same but and
secrete most of it: prostate, seminal vesicles
40. what are constituents of sperm?: testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, bul-bourethral glands
41. what is the fraction of semen in the testes?: 2-5%
42. what is the function of the testes?: fertilization of egg
43. what is the fraction of semen in the seminal vesicles?: 65-75%
44. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that are nutrients for thesperm?: fructose,
citrate, ascorbic acid
45. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that stimulate peristalsis ofductus deferens
and inhibit sperm rejection?: prostaglandins
46. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that is a fibrinogen-likeclotting protein and
coagulates semen?: prosemenogelin
47. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that activate sperm motili-ty?: calcium
48. what is the fraction of semen in the prostate?: 25-30%
1. what is hypercapnia: too much CO2
2. a build up of CO2 causes the pH to making it : decrease, acidic
3. during respiratory acidosis, the will not be able to remove the CO2
produced: lungs
4. what is respiratory alkalosis?: abnormally low CO2 in systemic arterial blood(below 35
mmHg)
5. not enough CO2 causes the pH to and become : rise,
alkaline
6. what can respiratory alkalosis be caused by?: hyperventilation
7. how does hyperventilation cause respiratory alkalosis?: breathing too fastcauses a drop in
CO2 levels
8. how does the excretion of hydrogen ions by the kidneys control blood pH?: kidneys
neutralize more acid/base than the respiratory system (if acid is toohigh, kidneys secrete more
H+ to raise pH)
9. what happens when you hold your breath?: body cannot release CO2 whichcauses a
buildup in the blood (hypercapnia)
10. holding your breath causes : respiratory acidosis
11. holding your breath = pH: lower
12. how does type 1 diabetes affect blood pH?: buildup of ketones causes theblood to become
too acidic (low pH)
13. type 1 diabetes results in : metabolic acidosis
14. type 1 diabetes = pH: lower
15. ovaries are homologous to the: testes
16. the ovum is homologous to the: sperm
17. the labia majora is homologous to the: scrotum
18. the labia minora is homologous to the: spongy urethra
19. the vestibule is homologous to the: intermediate urethra
20. the vestibular bulb is homologous to the: corpus spongiosum of penis
21. the clitoris is homologous to the: glans penis and corposa cavernosa
22. the paraurethral glands are homologous to the: prostate
23. the greater vestibular glands are homologous to the: bulbourethral glands
, 24. what is semen?: fluid expelled during orgasm
25. how much fluid is expelled during ejaculation?: 2-5 mL
26. makes up 60% of semen: seminal fluid
27. makes up 30% of semen: prostatic fluid
28. makes up 10% of semen: sperm and spermatic duct secretions
29. what is the normal sperm count?: 50-120 million/mL
30. what is the abnormal sperm count (infertility)?: 20-25 million/mL
31. where does spermatogenesis occur?: seminiferous tubules of the testes
32. what is spermatogenesis?: sperm production
33. where are Leydig cells located?: within the connective tissue that surroundsthe
seminiferous tubules
34. LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce : testosterone
35. what is the function of inhibin?: reduce FSH output from the anterior pituitarygland
36. what is inhibin secreted by: nurse cells
37. during a vasectomy what structure is cut to prevent sperm from leavingthe testes?: ductus
deferens
38. after a vasectomy, is sexual function affected?: no
39. after a vasectomy, seminal volume remains the same but and
secrete most of it: prostate, seminal vesicles
40. what are constituents of sperm?: testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, bul-bourethral glands
41. what is the fraction of semen in the testes?: 2-5%
42. what is the function of the testes?: fertilization of egg
43. what is the fraction of semen in the seminal vesicles?: 65-75%
44. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that are nutrients for thesperm?: fructose,
citrate, ascorbic acid
45. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that stimulate peristalsis ofductus deferens
and inhibit sperm rejection?: prostaglandins
46. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that is a fibrinogen-likeclotting protein and
coagulates semen?: prosemenogelin
47. what are the constituents of seminal vesicles that activate sperm motili-ty?: calcium
48. what is the fraction of semen in the prostate?: 25-30%
