NR 547 Week 7 questions and answers(latest
update ,graded A+
Specific ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within circuits in the
_________________, which affect ___________________. - answer prefrontal cortex, executive
functioning
Both selective and sustained attention are modulated by the _____________, the same loop
that is associated with _____________ - answer corticostriatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) loop,
anxiety
Which NTMs are associated with inefficient information processing in the prefrontal circuits -
answer Norepinephrine (NE) and Dopamine (DA)
How do non-stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms - answer by selective
inhibition of presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake in the prefrontal cortex and enhancement of
norepinephrine neurotransmissioncan help lower distractibility and improve attention, working
memory, and impulsivity.
How do stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms - answer stimulate the release
of NE and DA or boost the firing of associated neurons in the prefrontal cortex may help
improve information processing
Methylphenidate - answer Low risk of adverse effects
Available formulations:
Ritalin: available in immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR)available in beads that
may be sprinkled on food for children who cannot swallow pills
Concerta: biphasic - combined immediate and delayed release in one medication
Daytran: a patch applied in the morning and removed after 9 hours
, dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) - answer Available in immediate release and extended release
More potent than Ritalin
High risk of adverse effects
amphetamine (Adzenys) - answer It is available in an orally-disintegrating extended-release
formula for children who cannot swallow pills.
Avoid prescribing when an MAOI has been used within 14 days.
dextroamphetamine (Adderall) - answer Available in immediate and extended-release
formulations
Often dosed in AM (IR or XR) with a PM or PM PRN (IR) dose if medication effects diminish prior
to the end of school, study, or the workday
Most abused and diverted prescription stimulants
lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) - answer Biologically inactive until metabolized by the body
(Prodrug)
Less abuse and diversion potential than other stimulants
Higher-cost medication
Prescribing Peals: Stimulants - answer Assess for a personal or family history of cardiac disease:
An EKG is required if present in a first-degree relative.
Blood pressure, height, and weight should be monitored regularly.
Stimulants may cause psychotic or manic symptoms
Assess all clients for bipolar disorder
Stimulants may exacerbate comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.
Treatment efficacy will be noted within the first week of treatment.
Increased irritability and insomnia can be treated with a low dose of non-stimulant medication
which will allow the client to fall asleep.
update ,graded A+
Specific ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within circuits in the
_________________, which affect ___________________. - answer prefrontal cortex, executive
functioning
Both selective and sustained attention are modulated by the _____________, the same loop
that is associated with _____________ - answer corticostriatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) loop,
anxiety
Which NTMs are associated with inefficient information processing in the prefrontal circuits -
answer Norepinephrine (NE) and Dopamine (DA)
How do non-stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms - answer by selective
inhibition of presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake in the prefrontal cortex and enhancement of
norepinephrine neurotransmissioncan help lower distractibility and improve attention, working
memory, and impulsivity.
How do stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms - answer stimulate the release
of NE and DA or boost the firing of associated neurons in the prefrontal cortex may help
improve information processing
Methylphenidate - answer Low risk of adverse effects
Available formulations:
Ritalin: available in immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR)available in beads that
may be sprinkled on food for children who cannot swallow pills
Concerta: biphasic - combined immediate and delayed release in one medication
Daytran: a patch applied in the morning and removed after 9 hours
, dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) - answer Available in immediate release and extended release
More potent than Ritalin
High risk of adverse effects
amphetamine (Adzenys) - answer It is available in an orally-disintegrating extended-release
formula for children who cannot swallow pills.
Avoid prescribing when an MAOI has been used within 14 days.
dextroamphetamine (Adderall) - answer Available in immediate and extended-release
formulations
Often dosed in AM (IR or XR) with a PM or PM PRN (IR) dose if medication effects diminish prior
to the end of school, study, or the workday
Most abused and diverted prescription stimulants
lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) - answer Biologically inactive until metabolized by the body
(Prodrug)
Less abuse and diversion potential than other stimulants
Higher-cost medication
Prescribing Peals: Stimulants - answer Assess for a personal or family history of cardiac disease:
An EKG is required if present in a first-degree relative.
Blood pressure, height, and weight should be monitored regularly.
Stimulants may cause psychotic or manic symptoms
Assess all clients for bipolar disorder
Stimulants may exacerbate comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.
Treatment efficacy will be noted within the first week of treatment.
Increased irritability and insomnia can be treated with a low dose of non-stimulant medication
which will allow the client to fall asleep.
