NR547 Week 4 questions and answers(latest
update ,graded A+
Lack of sleep may lead to: mental health problems, injuries, decreased productivity, and
increased risk of death - answer mental health problems, injuries, decreased productivity, and
increased risk of death
Excitatory vs sleep-promoting neurotransmitters - answer Excitatory
-acetylcholine
-norepinephrine
-histamine
-serotonin
-orexin
-dopamine
Sleep-promoting
-GABA
-melatonin
-adenosine
Restless legs syndrome treatment - answer Dopamine agonists
-pramipexole (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip)
• adverse effects: daytime somnolence, nausea
Iron
-Check serum iron levels.
• Provide supplementation if needed
,Gabapentin/ pregabalin
-severe or painful RLS
The _____________ and __________________ give the penis its erectile, sexual function. -
answer three corpora and associated blood vessels
Erectile dysfunction - answer AKA impotence
-the inability to get and/or maintain a penile erection that is firm enough for sexual relations
-can be due to physical or psychological causes
• affect any of the areas of the brain, reproductive hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles,
and/or blood vessels that are involved with the phenomenon of erection
• most common physical causes include heart disease, atherosclerosis (clogged blood vessels),
high blood pressure, nerve damage, and stroke
• most common psychological causes include stress, anxiety, depression, or communication
issues with the sexual partner
CDC recommends that adults sleep ____ hours per night - answer 7-9
The sleep cycle occurs over approximately _________ minutes with _________ distinct stages -
answer 50-70 minutes
five distinct stages
Sleep Cycle Stages - answer Stage 1: Drowsy
-Short period of non-REM sleep, includes drowsiness & drifting off to sleep; can quickly awaken;
eye movements, breathing, & heart rate slow, but occasional muscle twitches occur
Stage 2: Light Sleep
, -Brain activity slows, but brief bursts of electrical activity (sleep spindles) occur; eye movement
stops; more repeated sleep cycles occur in stage 2 than in any other stage.
Stage 3: Moderate to Deep Sleep
-Heartbeat & breathing slow to lowest levels and muscles relax; more challenging to wake; brain
waves slow, delta waves are present.
Stage 4: Deep Sleep
-Stages 3 and 4 are necessary to feel rested in the morning; brain waves are almost exclusively
delta waves; sleepwalking, if present, occurs during this stage
Stage 5 - REM sleep
-approximately 90 min after sleep begins; eyes move rapidly from side to side with eyes closed;
breathing is irregular and faster than during other stages; heart rate & BP are similar to waking
levels; most dreaming occurs during REM sleep; sleep paralysis can occur; REM sleep decreases
with age.
Factors Affecting Sleep - answer -Emotional stress
-Fatigue
-Use of drugs or other substance abuse
-Physical illness
-Environmental factors
-Food and caloric intake
Sleep/wake homeostasis - answer the function that tracks the body's need for rest and controls
the amount and intensity of sleep
-affected by light and dark
• If the eyes perceive light, melatonin production is suppressed, leading to wakefulness
update ,graded A+
Lack of sleep may lead to: mental health problems, injuries, decreased productivity, and
increased risk of death - answer mental health problems, injuries, decreased productivity, and
increased risk of death
Excitatory vs sleep-promoting neurotransmitters - answer Excitatory
-acetylcholine
-norepinephrine
-histamine
-serotonin
-orexin
-dopamine
Sleep-promoting
-GABA
-melatonin
-adenosine
Restless legs syndrome treatment - answer Dopamine agonists
-pramipexole (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip)
• adverse effects: daytime somnolence, nausea
Iron
-Check serum iron levels.
• Provide supplementation if needed
,Gabapentin/ pregabalin
-severe or painful RLS
The _____________ and __________________ give the penis its erectile, sexual function. -
answer three corpora and associated blood vessels
Erectile dysfunction - answer AKA impotence
-the inability to get and/or maintain a penile erection that is firm enough for sexual relations
-can be due to physical or psychological causes
• affect any of the areas of the brain, reproductive hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles,
and/or blood vessels that are involved with the phenomenon of erection
• most common physical causes include heart disease, atherosclerosis (clogged blood vessels),
high blood pressure, nerve damage, and stroke
• most common psychological causes include stress, anxiety, depression, or communication
issues with the sexual partner
CDC recommends that adults sleep ____ hours per night - answer 7-9
The sleep cycle occurs over approximately _________ minutes with _________ distinct stages -
answer 50-70 minutes
five distinct stages
Sleep Cycle Stages - answer Stage 1: Drowsy
-Short period of non-REM sleep, includes drowsiness & drifting off to sleep; can quickly awaken;
eye movements, breathing, & heart rate slow, but occasional muscle twitches occur
Stage 2: Light Sleep
, -Brain activity slows, but brief bursts of electrical activity (sleep spindles) occur; eye movement
stops; more repeated sleep cycles occur in stage 2 than in any other stage.
Stage 3: Moderate to Deep Sleep
-Heartbeat & breathing slow to lowest levels and muscles relax; more challenging to wake; brain
waves slow, delta waves are present.
Stage 4: Deep Sleep
-Stages 3 and 4 are necessary to feel rested in the morning; brain waves are almost exclusively
delta waves; sleepwalking, if present, occurs during this stage
Stage 5 - REM sleep
-approximately 90 min after sleep begins; eyes move rapidly from side to side with eyes closed;
breathing is irregular and faster than during other stages; heart rate & BP are similar to waking
levels; most dreaming occurs during REM sleep; sleep paralysis can occur; REM sleep decreases
with age.
Factors Affecting Sleep - answer -Emotional stress
-Fatigue
-Use of drugs or other substance abuse
-Physical illness
-Environmental factors
-Food and caloric intake
Sleep/wake homeostasis - answer the function that tracks the body's need for rest and controls
the amount and intensity of sleep
-affected by light and dark
• If the eyes perceive light, melatonin production is suppressed, leading to wakefulness
