PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - BIOD 331 -
MODULE 1 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED
, What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - ANSWERPathophysiology is defined as
not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that
these changes have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - ANSWEREtiologic factors
are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWERCongenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - ANSWERMorphology is
defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of
the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
ANSWERThese both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective
manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWERPatient
history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - ANSWERValidity: how a tool
measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using
a blood pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - ANSWEREpidemiology is
the study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a community by tracking age,
race, nutritional habits and locations.
MODULE 1 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED
, What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - ANSWERPathophysiology is defined as
not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that
these changes have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - ANSWEREtiologic factors
are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWERCongenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - ANSWERMorphology is
defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of
the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
ANSWERThese both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective
manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWERPatient
history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - ANSWERValidity: how a tool
measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using
a blood pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - ANSWEREpidemiology is
the study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a community by tracking age,
race, nutritional habits and locations.
