Exam 2 Development questions with complete solutions

Exam 2 Development questions with
complete solutions


What are some of the key developmental milestones in language development? -
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answer-1) Babbling (first year)
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2) one word stage (convey entire thought in one word; around (1-2 years)
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3) two word stage (around 2 years and usually get the correct word order)
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4) after that they usually can make full sentences
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What is universal adaptability and what is the evidence that it exists? - answer-Universal
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Adaptability is the capacity of infants to detect all speech sounds. Universal Adaptability
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goes away in about 10 months.
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- werker's procedure is evidence that it exists.
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What does Werker's procedure show? - answer-- this is the experiment where every
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time the speech sound changed toys would come out and the baby would be able to
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predict that the toys were about to pop out
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- implication: there is a sensitive period where learners can best make use of certain
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cinput during certain maturation periods
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What is a sensitive period? - answer-language learners can best make use of certain
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input during certain maturational period
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Why does our sensitivity to foreign sounds decline by 11 months? - answer-- during the
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sensitive period, they are taking statistics on the type of sounds that they are hearing.
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we are no longer able to do that after 11 months, so our sensitivity to foreign sounds
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declines
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What role does social interaction play in reversing effects? - answer-social contact is
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critical as foreign language exposure via a machine is not sufficient to support foreign
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phonetic learning.
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What are the brains of bilingual children like? - answer-- they experience a delay in
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syntax development relative to their monolingual peers that impairs their vocabulary but
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that is balanced out a variety of long term benefits
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- long term protection from from cognitive decline
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, - the brain separates the languages into different regions
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Is language learned or innate? What drives specialization of language, maturation or
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cexperience? What is the evidence? - answer-- both, as the innateness of language is
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cnot anchored in genetic mechanisms but we are predisposed to learning it
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- the evidence is that people of all different environments are bound to learn a language
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c(External variation such as within culture variability and cross culture variability) (Internal
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cvariation such as hearing loss, blind children, down syndrome, and autism)
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In what way is language a specialized function? - answer-- for typical adults, language is
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clargely a left- hemisphere function
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What is meant by language resilience? - answer-- language is a behavior that has a
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development process that is, if not inevitable, certainly is one that each organism in the
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species is predisposed to develop under widely varying circumstances and
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environments.
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What kinds of questions would be of interest to Developmental Psychologists? -
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answer-- They could ask questions regarding the development of perception, memory,
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thinking, reasoning and language, emotion and motivation, personality, and stress and
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coping. What are the impacts of those factors?
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What is meant by a "cells to society" approach? What kinds of research is done at each
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level? - answer-- the cells to society approach explains the relationship between an
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individual and their environment and how that develops you
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- We dont develop by ourselves or just with one other person.
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Starts with the individuals (sex, age, health)
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--> Micro systems (Family, health services, church, neighborhood, peers, and school)
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--> Mesosystem (systems of microsystem interacting with one another)
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--> Exosystem (Neighbors, legal servies, friends of family, media, social welfare
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csystems)

--> Macro systems (Attitudes and ideologies of the culture)
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--> Chronosystem (time, sociohistorical conditions and time since life events)
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What is meant by "bidirectional influences" in developmental psychology? - answer-
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Probabilistic epigenesis devlopment is an ongoing bidirectional trasaction from genes to
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social environment (the periods of women in dorms are going to sync)
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