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pharmacology and anesthesiology 2025

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ASTHMA AND COPD 1. Describe the early asthmatic response. 2. Describe the late asthmatic response. 3. Which interleukins mediate the late asthmatic response? 4. What are the three major features of COPD? 5. What is the major adverse effect of ULABAs? 6. What is the MOA of beta 2 agonists? 7. What is the MOA of methylxanthine derivatives (theophylline, theobromine, caffeine)? 8. What is the MOA of anti-muscarinic agents? 9. What is the MOA of cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium? 10. What is the MOA of zileuton (5 LOX inhibitor) and montelukast/zafirlukast (LTRA)? 11. What is the MOA of omalizumab? 12. What is the black box warning for trelegy? 13. What are the main drug interactions with trelegy? GOUT

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PHARMACOLOGY AND A needle tract infection following an inferior
alveolar block injection would initially involve
ANESTHESIOLOGY which space?
Part 2 A. Pterygomandibular
The single most useful agent in resuscitation is: B. submandibular
A. oxygen C. Sublingual
B. an endotracheal tube D. Lateral pharyngeal
C. aromatic spirits of ammonia
D. a respiratory stimulant The only local anesthetic that increases the pressor
E. 1:1000 epinephrine for injection activity of both epinephrine and norepinephrine is:
A. Cocaine
A patient receiving propranolol has an acute B. dibucaine
asthmatic attack while undergoing dental treatment. C. Procaine
The most useful agent for management of the D. lidocaine
condition is: E. mepivacaine
A. Morphine
B. phentolamine A dentist is considering the use of nitrous-oxide
C. Epinephrine conscious sedation for a patient. However, this type
D. aminophylline of sedation will be contraindicated, should the patient
E. norepinephrine have a history of which of the following?
A. Dental anxiety
Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs, such as B. Psychotic care
guanethidine, are useful primarily in the treatment of: C. Controlled hypertension
A. mental disease D. both A & C
B. cholinergic crisis E. none of these
C. cardiac arrest
D. paroxysmal tachycardia Allergic reactions to local anesthetics are caused by:
E. essential (primary) hypertension A. rapid absorption
B. an antigen-antibody reaction
With an overdose of a cholinergic drug, one would C. slow detoxification
expect to see each of the following, except: D. improper administration technique
A. Sweating
B. mydriasis The most common disorder causing pain about the
C. Urination masticatory apparatus including the TMJ, is:
D. bradycardia A. myofascial-pain-dysfunction
E. copious serious saliva B. traumatic arthritis
C. trigeminal neuralgia
Thiazides, which are used in the treatment of D. temporal arteritis
hypertension, may require supplemental E. degenerative arthritis
administration of:
A. Sodium Syncope is usually caused by:
B. calcium A. vasoconstriction
C. Chloride B. cerebral hyperemia
D. potassium C. cerebral ischemia
D. decease in the vascular bed
The extrapyramidal syndrome seen with the
antipsychotic agents is due to their action on the : Needle aspiration of a central bone lesion is used to
A. Cerebellum A. feel for root surfaces
B. hypothalamus B. rule out of diagnosis of vascular lesion
C. cerebral cortex C. make a diagnosis of traumatic bone cyst
D. brain stem D. determine the thickness of the buccal plate
E. basal ganglia E. all of the above

, Branch of the maxillary nerve given off at the D. Thromboembolic disorder
infraorbital canal: E. Decreased resistance to infection
A. PSAN
B. MSAN The activity of benzalkonium chloride is markedly
C. ASAN antagonized by:
D. both A and B A. soap
E. both B and C B. sodium chloride
C. sodium nitrite
At which pH will the local anesthesia be effectively D. cetypyridinium chloride
diffused: E. alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride
A. pH doesn’t matter
B. below or above The systemic activity of the ester (procaine) types of
C. below 7 local anesthetics is terminated primarily by:
D. above 7 A. elimination by the kidney
B. metabolism in the liver only
In larger myelinated nerves, conduction takes place C. storage in adipose tissue
at: D. metabolism in the liver and by
A. dendrites pseudocholinesterase in the plasma
B. neuron
C. axons The first clinically useful and systematically
D. nodes of Ranvier effective anti-nfective agent was:
A. penicillin
Conducts the fast or first pain at the rate of up to 100 B. tetracycline
meter per second: C. sulfanilamide
A. A-beta fibers D. streptomycin
B. A-delta fibers E. bacitracin
C. C-fibers
D. A beta and A delta fibers Which of the following antibiotics may cause
E. A-delta and C fibers discoloration of the teeth of the newborn if
administered to the mother in the third trimester of
Each of the following methods can be used to control pregnancy?
pain, except: A. Penicillin
A. Cortical depression B. Streptomycin
B. Psychosomatic (hypnosis) methods C. Tetracycline
C. Raising the pain threshold D. Clindamycin
D. Blocking the sensory pathway E. Erythromycin
E. Depression of the autonomic nervous
system An excess of which of the following hormones may
be associated with increased sensitivity to
Which of the following dentrifice components is epinephrine?
most likely to inactivate the fluoride ion? A. Testosterone
A. Anionic detergent B. Parathyroid
B. Polyacrylic spheres C. Insulin
C. Dicalcium phosphate D. Thyroid
D. Monofluorophosphate E. both B & D

Which of the following adverse reactions of oral
contraceptives is the most common and the most
serious?
A. Hypotension
B. Uterine neoplasia
C. Hepatotoxicity

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