BLD 430 EXAM STUDY GUIDE AND
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Diploid is what? - answer Us
Haploid is what? - answer Gametes
Can have lots of variations with what chromosomes? - answer X and Y
An allele is a what? - answer Gene
A loci is what? - answer Where on the chromosome you can find the gene
The further two genes are apart, the more likely you will get what? - answer
recombination
What is gene linkage? - answer The closer two genes are together on the chromosome,
the more likely they are to be inherited together and move as a block
What is linkage disequilibrium? - answer When you see a difference in gene frequency
that you wouldn't expect normally due to linkage
What is the magic number for a Iod score? - answer 3
If you increase your Iod score, you get a what in linkage? - answer increase
What are the hardy weinburg equilibrium assumptions about normal distribution? -
answer There's no selection advantage, a large population, and random mating. Also
the disease can't affect fertility (the ability to live long enough to mate)
Eye color is what type of trait? - answer mutagenic
What is epistasis? - answer More than just the gene influences phenotype
How does the birth order go in a pedigree? - answer Oldest are to the left, youngest to
the right
Purines have how many rings? - answer 2
Pyrimidines have how many rings? - answer 1
What is the central dogma? - answer DNA--transcription-->RNA---translation-->Proteins
Are exons or introns spliced out? - answer Introns are spliced out
What is the initiator for DNA? - answer ATG
,What codon is to start and what amino acid is that? - answer AUG, Met - the only start
codon
What are the stop codons? - answer UAG, UAA, UGA
How is DNA read? - answer 5' to 3'
How is anti-sense read? - answer 3'-5'
How can DNA have secondary structure? - answer hairpin loops, tRNA
What are oligonucleotides? - answer A string of bases
What is the Tm equation? - answer 2(AT)+4(GC)
What is a missense mutation? - answer point mutation that codes for a different amino
acid
What is a framshift mutation? - answer An insertion or deletion that changes the reading
frame
What is a nonsense mutation? - answer Point mutation that results in a stop codon
If you are doing genotyping in an assay, you need what? - answer DNA
If you are doing a gene expression assay, you need what? - answer RNA
What is optimal for a quality DNA sample? - answer Lots of DNA quantity, more pure,
higher concentration
If you are using peripheral blood for DNA, how much DNA should you expect to extract?
, - answer 10-20 micrograms/mL
What are the best sources of DNA from tissue samples? - answer Fresh or frozen, fixed
is sub optimal
What are the three main steps in DNA isolation? - answer Cell lysis (breakdown
membranes), partition away proteins and lipids, and then extract nucleic acids
What detergent do you use to remove membranes? - answer SDS
What do you used to remove proteins in nucleic acid acid isolation? - answer Proteinase
K
What reagents are used for an organic nucleic acid extraction? - answer
phenol/cholorform, a pH of 7.8-8, and ppt with alcohol
What reagents are used for inorganic nucleic acid extraction? - answer Salt ppt with
sodium acetate, silica adsorption and anion exchange chromotography
To extract DNA you can also bind it to what? - answer Silica or glass with guanidium
thiocynate to inhibit nucleases, promote binding, and eluate using a low salt buffer
How does magnetic isolation of DNA work? - answer a magnetic bead binds to the DNA,
high throuput
In RNA isolation, what will inhibit RNase? - answer DPEC
What are potential contaminants with DNA isolation? - answer Hb and proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, phenol
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Diploid is what? - answer Us
Haploid is what? - answer Gametes
Can have lots of variations with what chromosomes? - answer X and Y
An allele is a what? - answer Gene
A loci is what? - answer Where on the chromosome you can find the gene
The further two genes are apart, the more likely you will get what? - answer
recombination
What is gene linkage? - answer The closer two genes are together on the chromosome,
the more likely they are to be inherited together and move as a block
What is linkage disequilibrium? - answer When you see a difference in gene frequency
that you wouldn't expect normally due to linkage
What is the magic number for a Iod score? - answer 3
If you increase your Iod score, you get a what in linkage? - answer increase
What are the hardy weinburg equilibrium assumptions about normal distribution? -
answer There's no selection advantage, a large population, and random mating. Also
the disease can't affect fertility (the ability to live long enough to mate)
Eye color is what type of trait? - answer mutagenic
What is epistasis? - answer More than just the gene influences phenotype
How does the birth order go in a pedigree? - answer Oldest are to the left, youngest to
the right
Purines have how many rings? - answer 2
Pyrimidines have how many rings? - answer 1
What is the central dogma? - answer DNA--transcription-->RNA---translation-->Proteins
Are exons or introns spliced out? - answer Introns are spliced out
What is the initiator for DNA? - answer ATG
,What codon is to start and what amino acid is that? - answer AUG, Met - the only start
codon
What are the stop codons? - answer UAG, UAA, UGA
How is DNA read? - answer 5' to 3'
How is anti-sense read? - answer 3'-5'
How can DNA have secondary structure? - answer hairpin loops, tRNA
What are oligonucleotides? - answer A string of bases
What is the Tm equation? - answer 2(AT)+4(GC)
What is a missense mutation? - answer point mutation that codes for a different amino
acid
What is a framshift mutation? - answer An insertion or deletion that changes the reading
frame
What is a nonsense mutation? - answer Point mutation that results in a stop codon
If you are doing genotyping in an assay, you need what? - answer DNA
If you are doing a gene expression assay, you need what? - answer RNA
What is optimal for a quality DNA sample? - answer Lots of DNA quantity, more pure,
higher concentration
If you are using peripheral blood for DNA, how much DNA should you expect to extract?
, - answer 10-20 micrograms/mL
What are the best sources of DNA from tissue samples? - answer Fresh or frozen, fixed
is sub optimal
What are the three main steps in DNA isolation? - answer Cell lysis (breakdown
membranes), partition away proteins and lipids, and then extract nucleic acids
What detergent do you use to remove membranes? - answer SDS
What do you used to remove proteins in nucleic acid acid isolation? - answer Proteinase
K
What reagents are used for an organic nucleic acid extraction? - answer
phenol/cholorform, a pH of 7.8-8, and ppt with alcohol
What reagents are used for inorganic nucleic acid extraction? - answer Salt ppt with
sodium acetate, silica adsorption and anion exchange chromotography
To extract DNA you can also bind it to what? - answer Silica or glass with guanidium
thiocynate to inhibit nucleases, promote binding, and eluate using a low salt buffer
How does magnetic isolation of DNA work? - answer a magnetic bead binds to the DNA,
high throuput
In RNA isolation, what will inhibit RNase? - answer DPEC
What are potential contaminants with DNA isolation? - answer Hb and proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, phenol
