SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.
Systems development is systematic process which includes phases such as planning, analysis, design,
deployment, and maintenance.
Systems Analysis
It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a
system into its components.
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order to identify its
objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the
components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do.
Systems Design
It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its
components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand
the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate
efficiently.
System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on -Systems, Processes, Technology
,What is a System?
The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized relationship between
any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective.
A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal.”
Constraints of a System
A system must have three basic constraints −
A system must have some structure and behavior which is designed to achieve a predefined objective.
Interconnectivity and interdependence must exist among the system components.
The objectives of the organization have a higher priority than the objectives of its subsystems.
For example, traffic management system, payroll system, automatic library system, human resources
information system.
Properties of a System:- A system has the following properties Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve
predetermined objectives.
Interaction
,It is defined by the manner in which the components operate with each other.
For example, in an organization, purchasing department must interact with production department and
payroll with personnel department.
Interdependence
Interdependence means how the components of a system depend on one another. For proper
functioning, the components are coordinated and linked together according to a specified plan. The
output of one subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.
Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system components are connected together. It means that the
parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a unique function.
Central Objective
The objective of system must be central. It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization
to state an objective and operate to achieve another.
The users must know the main objective of a computer application early in the analysis for a successful
design and conversion.
Elements of a System
, The following diagram shows the elements of a system
Outputs and Inputs
The main aim of a system is to produce an output which is useful for its user. Inputs are the
information that enters into the system for processing.
Output is the outcome of processing.
Processor(s)
The processor is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output.
It is the operational component of a system. Processors may modify the input either totally or partially,
depending on the output specification.
As the output specifications change, so does the processing. In some cases, input is also modified to
enable the processor for handling the transformation.
Control
The control element guides the system.
It is the decision-making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing,
and output.
The behavior of a computer System is controlled by the Operating System and software. In order to keep
system in balance, what and how much input is needed is determined by Output Specifications.
Feedback
Feedback provides the control in a dynamic system.
Systems development is systematic process which includes phases such as planning, analysis, design,
deployment, and maintenance.
Systems Analysis
It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a
system into its components.
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order to identify its
objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the
components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do.
Systems Design
It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its
components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand
the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate
efficiently.
System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on -Systems, Processes, Technology
,What is a System?
The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized relationship between
any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective.
A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal.”
Constraints of a System
A system must have three basic constraints −
A system must have some structure and behavior which is designed to achieve a predefined objective.
Interconnectivity and interdependence must exist among the system components.
The objectives of the organization have a higher priority than the objectives of its subsystems.
For example, traffic management system, payroll system, automatic library system, human resources
information system.
Properties of a System:- A system has the following properties Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve
predetermined objectives.
Interaction
,It is defined by the manner in which the components operate with each other.
For example, in an organization, purchasing department must interact with production department and
payroll with personnel department.
Interdependence
Interdependence means how the components of a system depend on one another. For proper
functioning, the components are coordinated and linked together according to a specified plan. The
output of one subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.
Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system components are connected together. It means that the
parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a unique function.
Central Objective
The objective of system must be central. It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization
to state an objective and operate to achieve another.
The users must know the main objective of a computer application early in the analysis for a successful
design and conversion.
Elements of a System
, The following diagram shows the elements of a system
Outputs and Inputs
The main aim of a system is to produce an output which is useful for its user. Inputs are the
information that enters into the system for processing.
Output is the outcome of processing.
Processor(s)
The processor is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output.
It is the operational component of a system. Processors may modify the input either totally or partially,
depending on the output specification.
As the output specifications change, so does the processing. In some cases, input is also modified to
enable the processor for handling the transformation.
Control
The control element guides the system.
It is the decision-making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing,
and output.
The behavior of a computer System is controlled by the Operating System and software. In order to keep
system in balance, what and how much input is needed is determined by Output Specifications.
Feedback
Feedback provides the control in a dynamic system.
