A TECHNICAL & VOCATION
UNESSCO‐NIGERIA NAL
EDUCAATION REVITTALISATION P
PROJECT‐PHA
ASE II
NATTIONALL DIPLO
OMA IN
SCIENCE LA
ABORA
ATORY TECHNO
T OLOGY
SAFFETY IN TH
HE LABORA
ATOR
RY
CO
OURSE CODE:
C GLT
G 111
YEAR I‐ SE MESTE
TER I
THEORY
Version 1:: Decembe
er 2008
1
, TABLE OF CONTENT
1.1 INTRODUCTION:…………………………………………………………………..8
1.1.1 Laboratory:
1.2 LABORATORY HAZARDS:
1.3 TYPES OF HAZARDS
1.3.1 Electrical hazards:
1.3.2 Mechanical hazards
1.3.3 Chemical hazards
1.3.4 Biological hazards
1.3.5 Radiation hazards
2.0 SAFETY RULES……………………………………………………11
2.1 Science Safety Symbols
2.2 ACID BURNS
2.2.1 Acetic acid, glacial (poisonous corrosive):
2.3 Classification of Fires
2.3.1 Treatment of Burns
2.4 MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
2.4.1 First Aid Measures (for microbial contamination)
2.4.2 Accidental Release Measures and Spillage/Environmental Precautions
2.4.3 Handling and Storage
2.4.4 Exposure controls/personal protection
2.4.5 Toxicological Information
2.4.6 Disposal
3.0 ELECTRIC SHOCK………………………………………………...28
3.1 Responding to Electric Shock
3.2 Treatment of Electric Shock
2
,3.3 Preventing Electrical Accidents
3.4 Contents of the First Aid Box
3.4.1 Standard Procedures for Care of Minor Injuries
3.5 ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
4.1 RADIATION EXPOSURE………………………………………….32
4.1.1 Sources of radiation
4.1.2 Sealed Radioactive Sources
4.1.3 What do sealed sources look like?
4.2 WORKING WITH UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
4.3 RADIATION BASIC TERMS
4.3.1 Radiation
4.3.2 Ionizing radiation
4.3.3 Non-ionizing radiation
4.3.4 Health Physics
4.3.5 Radioactivity
4.3.6 Radioactive Material
4.3.7 Radioactive Contamination
4.4 Common Types of Radiation
4.4.1 Gamma Rays
4.4.2 Betas
4.4.3 Alphas
4.4.4 Neutrons
4.4.5 X rays
4.5 Common Units
3
, 4.5.1 Roentgen (R)
4.5.2 Rad (radiation absorbed dose)
4.5.3 Rem (roentgen equivalent man)
4.5.4 Curie (Ci)
4.5.5 Gray (Gy)
4.5.6 Sievert (Sv)
4.5.7 Becquerel (Bq)
5.1 GLASSWARE……………………………………………………….40
5.1.1 Hard glass
5.1.2 Soft glass
5.2 CLEANING OF GLASSWARE
5.2.1 Method
6.0 CALIBRATION OF GLASSES…………………………………….43
6.1 How to identify a glass ware
7.0 NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY (N.P.L.)………………44
7.1 Calibration tests on standard glass wares
7.2 Apparatus FOR calibration
7.3 pipette
7.4 Burette
7.5 STANDARD GLASS WARES TOLERANCE FOR VARIOUS
APPLICATIONS
7.5.1 Recovery of Faded Graduation On Glassware:
7.5.2 Effect of heat on calibrated glasswares
7.5.3 Reading of fluid in calibrated glassware
8.1 BALANCES……………………………………………………………………48
8.1.1 Balance Room
8.1.2 Rules in weighing
4
UNESSCO‐NIGERIA NAL
EDUCAATION REVITTALISATION P
PROJECT‐PHA
ASE II
NATTIONALL DIPLO
OMA IN
SCIENCE LA
ABORA
ATORY TECHNO
T OLOGY
SAFFETY IN TH
HE LABORA
ATOR
RY
CO
OURSE CODE:
C GLT
G 111
YEAR I‐ SE MESTE
TER I
THEORY
Version 1:: Decembe
er 2008
1
, TABLE OF CONTENT
1.1 INTRODUCTION:…………………………………………………………………..8
1.1.1 Laboratory:
1.2 LABORATORY HAZARDS:
1.3 TYPES OF HAZARDS
1.3.1 Electrical hazards:
1.3.2 Mechanical hazards
1.3.3 Chemical hazards
1.3.4 Biological hazards
1.3.5 Radiation hazards
2.0 SAFETY RULES……………………………………………………11
2.1 Science Safety Symbols
2.2 ACID BURNS
2.2.1 Acetic acid, glacial (poisonous corrosive):
2.3 Classification of Fires
2.3.1 Treatment of Burns
2.4 MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
2.4.1 First Aid Measures (for microbial contamination)
2.4.2 Accidental Release Measures and Spillage/Environmental Precautions
2.4.3 Handling and Storage
2.4.4 Exposure controls/personal protection
2.4.5 Toxicological Information
2.4.6 Disposal
3.0 ELECTRIC SHOCK………………………………………………...28
3.1 Responding to Electric Shock
3.2 Treatment of Electric Shock
2
,3.3 Preventing Electrical Accidents
3.4 Contents of the First Aid Box
3.4.1 Standard Procedures for Care of Minor Injuries
3.5 ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
4.1 RADIATION EXPOSURE………………………………………….32
4.1.1 Sources of radiation
4.1.2 Sealed Radioactive Sources
4.1.3 What do sealed sources look like?
4.2 WORKING WITH UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
4.3 RADIATION BASIC TERMS
4.3.1 Radiation
4.3.2 Ionizing radiation
4.3.3 Non-ionizing radiation
4.3.4 Health Physics
4.3.5 Radioactivity
4.3.6 Radioactive Material
4.3.7 Radioactive Contamination
4.4 Common Types of Radiation
4.4.1 Gamma Rays
4.4.2 Betas
4.4.3 Alphas
4.4.4 Neutrons
4.4.5 X rays
4.5 Common Units
3
, 4.5.1 Roentgen (R)
4.5.2 Rad (radiation absorbed dose)
4.5.3 Rem (roentgen equivalent man)
4.5.4 Curie (Ci)
4.5.5 Gray (Gy)
4.5.6 Sievert (Sv)
4.5.7 Becquerel (Bq)
5.1 GLASSWARE……………………………………………………….40
5.1.1 Hard glass
5.1.2 Soft glass
5.2 CLEANING OF GLASSWARE
5.2.1 Method
6.0 CALIBRATION OF GLASSES…………………………………….43
6.1 How to identify a glass ware
7.0 NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY (N.P.L.)………………44
7.1 Calibration tests on standard glass wares
7.2 Apparatus FOR calibration
7.3 pipette
7.4 Burette
7.5 STANDARD GLASS WARES TOLERANCE FOR VARIOUS
APPLICATIONS
7.5.1 Recovery of Faded Graduation On Glassware:
7.5.2 Effect of heat on calibrated glasswares
7.5.3 Reading of fluid in calibrated glassware
8.1 BALANCES……………………………………………………………………48
8.1.1 Balance Room
8.1.2 Rules in weighing
4
