NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | AL
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS |
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
GRADED A+ |
1. In which type of pleural effusion ANS: C
does the fluid become watery and In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or transu-
diffuse out of the capillaries as a date, is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries as a
result of increased blood pressure result of disorders that increase intravascular hydro-
or decreased capillary oncotic pres- static pressure or decrease capillary oncotic pressure.
sure? The described mechanism is not associated with the
A. exudative other forms of pleural effusion.
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large
2. HPV causes what cancer? cervical cancer
3. Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 causes Kaposi Sarcoma
what cancer?
4. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes what Liver Cancer
type of cancer?
5. Helicobacter pylori causes what Stomach Cancer
type of cancer?
6. Research has shown a link between ANS: C
cancer and which sexually transmit- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most com-
ted disease? mon sexually transmitted virus in the United States.
A. Syphilis High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A per-
B. Gonorrhea sistence of infection with high-risk HPV is a prereq-
C. HPV uisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease neoplasia (CIN) lesions and invasive cervical cancers.
No research supports such a link between the remain-
ing options and
7.
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
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Research data support a carcino- ANS: D
genic relationship in children result- The strongest association between viruses and the
ing from exposure to which virus? development of cancer in children has been the Ep-
A. Herpes simplex virus stein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyn-
B. Influenza geal carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease. No current re-
C. Varicella zoster virus search supports a link between the remaining options
D. Epstein-Barr virus and childhood cancer.
8. A child diagnosed with acquired im- ANS: A
munodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Children with AIDS have an increased risk of devel-
has an increased risk of develop- oping non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma.
ing: Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma has been linked to the development of some cancers,
B. Retinoblastoma whereas no known link has been found between AIDS
C. Eptein-Barr and the development of leukemia.
D. Leukemia
9. In infectious mononucleosis (IM), ANS: B
what does the Monospot test de- Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of
tect? IgM antibodies that are agglutinins against nonhu-
A. IgE man red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are de-
B. IgM tected by qualitative (monospot) or quantitative (het-
C. IgG erophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not
D. IgA true of the other options.
10. Infectious mononucleosis is mostly Epstein-Barr virus
caused by what virus?
11. The Philadelphia chromosome is Chronic myelogenous leukemia
present in more than 95% of pa-
tients with this...
12. Multiple myeloma
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
Bence Jones protein is present in
the blood and urine in approxi-
mately 80% of patients with....
13. _________________ is characterized by Hodgkin lymphoma
its progression from one group of
lymph nodes to another, the de-
velopment of systemic symptoms,
and the presence of Reed-Stern-
berg cells
14. Prerenal injury from poor perfusion ANS: B, C, D, E
can result from which condition? Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombo-
(Select all that apply.) sis, hypotension related to hypovolemia (dehydration,
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasocon-
b. renal vasoconstriction striction and alterations in renal regional blood flow,
c. renal artery thrombosis microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial
d. hemorrhage blood flow. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is not asso-
e. hypostension ciated with prerenal injuries.
15. Hypercalciuria is primarily attribut- ANS: B
able to which alteration? Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hy-
a. defective renal calcium reabsorp- perabsorption of dietary calcium and less common-
tion ly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyper-
b. intestinal hyperabsorption of di- parathyroidism and bone demineralization associat-
etary calcium ed with prolonged immobilization are also known to
c. bone demineralization caused by cause hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism
16. which statement is false concern- ANS: B
ing the skeletal alterations caused Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations
by chronic renal failure when the in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see Table
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) de- 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases
clines to 25% of normal? to 25% or less. The combined effect of hyperparathy-
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger roidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal
effective in maintaining serum osteodystrophies (e.g., osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa
phosphate levels. with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences
b. the parathyroid gland is no of secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue
longer able to secrete sufficient and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
parathyroid hormone less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The oth-
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which er options are true.
reduces intestinal absorption of cal-
cium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3,
which impairs the effectiveness of
calcium and phosphate resorption
from bone by parathyroid hor-
mone, is impaired.
17. An example of an X-linked recessive Duchenne muscular dystrophy
disease is....
18. An example of two autosomal re- Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
cessive diseases are...
19. A well-known atuosomal dominant Huntington disease
disease is....
20. describe cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary dis-
order involving an abnormal expression of a pro-
tein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the air-
ways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes
cystic fibrosis.
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS |
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
GRADED A+ |
1. In which type of pleural effusion ANS: C
does the fluid become watery and In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or transu-
diffuse out of the capillaries as a date, is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries as a
result of increased blood pressure result of disorders that increase intravascular hydro-
or decreased capillary oncotic pres- static pressure or decrease capillary oncotic pressure.
sure? The described mechanism is not associated with the
A. exudative other forms of pleural effusion.
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large
2. HPV causes what cancer? cervical cancer
3. Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 causes Kaposi Sarcoma
what cancer?
4. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes what Liver Cancer
type of cancer?
5. Helicobacter pylori causes what Stomach Cancer
type of cancer?
6. Research has shown a link between ANS: C
cancer and which sexually transmit- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most com-
ted disease? mon sexually transmitted virus in the United States.
A. Syphilis High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A per-
B. Gonorrhea sistence of infection with high-risk HPV is a prereq-
C. HPV uisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease neoplasia (CIN) lesions and invasive cervical cancers.
No research supports such a link between the remain-
ing options and
7.
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
Research data support a carcino- ANS: D
genic relationship in children result- The strongest association between viruses and the
ing from exposure to which virus? development of cancer in children has been the Ep-
A. Herpes simplex virus stein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyn-
B. Influenza geal carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease. No current re-
C. Varicella zoster virus search supports a link between the remaining options
D. Epstein-Barr virus and childhood cancer.
8. A child diagnosed with acquired im- ANS: A
munodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Children with AIDS have an increased risk of devel-
has an increased risk of develop- oping non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma.
ing: Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma has been linked to the development of some cancers,
B. Retinoblastoma whereas no known link has been found between AIDS
C. Eptein-Barr and the development of leukemia.
D. Leukemia
9. In infectious mononucleosis (IM), ANS: B
what does the Monospot test de- Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of
tect? IgM antibodies that are agglutinins against nonhu-
A. IgE man red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are de-
B. IgM tected by qualitative (monospot) or quantitative (het-
C. IgG erophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not
D. IgA true of the other options.
10. Infectious mononucleosis is mostly Epstein-Barr virus
caused by what virus?
11. The Philadelphia chromosome is Chronic myelogenous leukemia
present in more than 95% of pa-
tients with this...
12. Multiple myeloma
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
Bence Jones protein is present in
the blood and urine in approxi-
mately 80% of patients with....
13. _________________ is characterized by Hodgkin lymphoma
its progression from one group of
lymph nodes to another, the de-
velopment of systemic symptoms,
and the presence of Reed-Stern-
berg cells
14. Prerenal injury from poor perfusion ANS: B, C, D, E
can result from which condition? Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombo-
(Select all that apply.) sis, hypotension related to hypovolemia (dehydration,
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasocon-
b. renal vasoconstriction striction and alterations in renal regional blood flow,
c. renal artery thrombosis microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial
d. hemorrhage blood flow. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is not asso-
e. hypostension ciated with prerenal injuries.
15. Hypercalciuria is primarily attribut- ANS: B
able to which alteration? Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hy-
a. defective renal calcium reabsorp- perabsorption of dietary calcium and less common-
tion ly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyper-
b. intestinal hyperabsorption of di- parathyroidism and bone demineralization associat-
etary calcium ed with prolonged immobilization are also known to
c. bone demineralization caused by cause hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism
16. which statement is false concern- ANS: B
ing the skeletal alterations caused Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations
by chronic renal failure when the in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see Table
, NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6xnq45
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) de- 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases
clines to 25% of normal? to 25% or less. The combined effect of hyperparathy-
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger roidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal
effective in maintaining serum osteodystrophies (e.g., osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa
phosphate levels. with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences
b. the parathyroid gland is no of secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue
longer able to secrete sufficient and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
parathyroid hormone less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The oth-
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which er options are true.
reduces intestinal absorption of cal-
cium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3,
which impairs the effectiveness of
calcium and phosphate resorption
from bone by parathyroid hor-
mone, is impaired.
17. An example of an X-linked recessive Duchenne muscular dystrophy
disease is....
18. An example of two autosomal re- Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
cessive diseases are...
19. A well-known atuosomal dominant Huntington disease
disease is....
20. describe cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary dis-
order involving an abnormal expression of a pro-
tein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the air-
ways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes
cystic fibrosis.
