Hondros Nur 212 exam 1 Exam Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Hondros Nur 212 exam 1 Exam Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Which genetic marker indicates that a patient may be at an increased risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer? BRCA1/BRCA2 Anatomical site classifications of cancer Carcinoma-skin, glands, mucous membranes. Sarcoma-muscle, connective tissue, bone, and fat. Lymphoma/leukemia-Originate in blood. Cancer Staging Stage 0-Cancer in situ-localized cells with no threat of metastasis. Stage 1-Limited local growth-limited to tissue of origin. Stage 2-Limited local spread. Stage 3-Extensive local and regional spread. Stage 4-Metastasis. TNM classification T-Tumor size and invasiveness. N-Spread to lymph nodes. M-Metastasis. CAUTION C-changes in bowel/bladder habits. A-A sore that doesn't heal. U-Unusual bleeding or discharge. T-Thickening or a lump in breast or elsewhere. I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. O-Obvious changes in wart or mole. N-Nagging cough or hoarseness. Thrombocytopenia Platelet count 50,000. DELAYED TOXICITY caused by chemotherapy, may cause bleeding and hemorrhage. Pt should avoid straining, platelet transfusion may be needed. Caused by radiation to head and neck and chemo Mucousitis, Stomatitis, Esophagitis Delayed effects of chemotherapy Occur 2 hours to months after treatment. Include: alopecia, mucousitis, neurotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression, neutropenia, anemia, fatigue that interferes with normal daily living, nausea, vomiting diarrhea. Acute toxicity Occurs during or immediately after chemo administration. Usually anaphylactic or hypersensitivity reaction. Nausea, vomiting, and heart dysrhythmias are anticipated. Cell cycle phase specific chemo Attacks cells in proliferation stage to reduce spread of cancer. Cell cycle phase non-specific Will attack any area of cell proliferation, in any cell cycle. Breast cancer screening guidelines Consistent monthly self breast exams starting at age 20. Age 45-54-annual mammograms. Age 55 and older, mammograms every 2 years. Clinical manifestations of lung cancer Early signs-nagging cough, mild to severe chest pain, dyspnea. Late signs-anorexia, vomiting, cardiac tamponade, dysrhythmias. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) a group of lung cancers that includes squamous cell carcinoma (slow progression), adenocarcinoma (moderate progression), and large cell carcinoma (rapid progression). Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) Very rapid progression, most malignant form of lung cancer. Spreads via lymph and blood with frequent metastasis to the brain. Radiation and chemo may be used to shrink tumor and make breathing easier. Tamoxifen Used for treatment of breast cancer, can precipitate thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism-monitor closely. May cause irregular vaginal bleeding and decreased visual acuity. Pt should report vision changes. Females with history of DVT should avoid smoking and oral contraceptives. Pneumothorax Complication of lung cancer, may require chest tube. Radical mastectomy (Halsted mastectomy) Removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, muscles are left in tact. Increased risk for lymphedema. Assess cap refill, brachial and radial pulses, monitor pain and skin color. Lactated Ringers (LR) If prescribed for patients with liver issues/psorosis-call Dr. to verify order. Monitor closely. A confused patient recently began an antidiuretic, what actions should the nurse take? Offer water frequently, monitor mucous membranes. Letrazole (Femara) May cause osteoporosis, pt. should take vitamin D/calcium supplement. The diet for stomatitis Soft foods, neutral or cool temp-avoid very hot and very cold foods. Avoid spicy foods and strong spices. Diet for cachexia (malnutrition) with non small cell lung cancer High protein, high calorie. Kubler-Ross stages of grief 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance Hyoscine (scopolamine) Used sublingually to decrease drooling in hospice patients. Cheyne-Stokes respirations An irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or periods of apnea. Highest priority symptoms to manage for dying patient: Pain, agitation, nausea. Solu-Medrol (Methylprednisolone) side effects