HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Japanese Encephalitis - ANSWER Flavivirus; found in Asia and the Western Pacific;
can cause altered consciouness and seizures in children, a vaccine is used in China
Measles - ANSWER an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct
red spots followed by a rash
Mumps - ANSWER an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by
swelling of the parotid glands
Naples Virus - ANSWER A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS causing
PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER, an influenza-like illness. Related serotypes include Toscana
virus and Tehran virus.
Parvovirus - ANSWER any of a group of viruses containing DNA in an icosahedral
protein shell and causing disease in dogs and cattle
Rabies - ANSWER an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded
animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal)
Rubella - ANSWER a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting
three or four days
Shingles - ANSWER eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by
severe
neuralgia
Smallpox - ANSWER a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever
and
weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving
scars
Varicella Zoster Virus - ANSWER the member of the herpes virus family that is
responsible for chickenpox
West Nile Virus - ANSWER the flavivirus that causes West Nile encephalitis
Yellow Fever - ANSWER caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito
,Scarlet Fever - ANSWER an acute communicable disease (usually in children)
characterized by fever and a red rash
CVA - ANSWER cerebrovascular accident, a sudden loss of consciousness resulting
when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
Stroke - ANSWER a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or
occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
Seizure - ANSWER sudden disturbance in brain function sometimes producing a
convulsion
Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction
of the blood supply to the heart muscle
Mono - ANSWER an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes
and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream
Common Cold - ANSWER Acute, self-limiting, and highly contagious viral infection of
the upper respiratory tract.
Cold Sore - ANSWER caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
Codominance - ANSWER situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the
phenotype of the organism
consanguinity - ANSWER related by blood
Cri du chat syndrome - ANSWER 5p chromosome deletion, severe mental retardation,
microcephaly, catlike cry, low birth weight, round face, hypertelorism (wide eyes) p51
Down syndrome - ANSWER a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st
chromosome
euploid cell - ANSWER multiple of the normal number of chromosomes
exon - ANSWER expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
klinefelter syndrome - ANSWER syndrome in males that is characterized by small
testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental
retardation
methylation - ANSWER the addition of groups to DNA that disables genes
,monosomy - ANSWER chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one
chromosome from the normal diploid number
mutagen - ANSWER any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic
mutation or can increase the rate of mutation
mutation - ANSWER (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure
nondisjuncion - ANSWER Failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate
during meiosis, leading to one gamete with n+1 chomosomes (see trisomy) and another
gamete with n-1 chromosomes.
partial trisomy - ANSWER only an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each
cell
polygenic trait - ANSWER trait controlled by two or more genes
polymorphic - ANSWER having or occurring in several distinct forms
polypeptide - ANSWER a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids
polyploid cell - ANSWER additional sets of chromosomes beyond the diploid number
pseudoautosomal - ANSWER Shared between X and Y and required for pairing of X
and Y during meiosis in males. Same on X and Y and are at both ends
purine - ANSWER a colorless crystalline nitrogen-containing organic base
pyrimidine - ANSWER a heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor
tetraploidy - ANSWER four chromosomal sets
colorectal cancer - ANSWER adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
adenocarcinoma - ANSWER malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
agglutination - ANSWER a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by
antibodies (agglutinins)
opsonization - ANSWER An immune response in which the binding of antibodies to the
surface of a microbe facilitates phagocytosis of the the microbe by a macrophage
, Acidemia - ANSWER a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of
hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
acidosis - ANSWER abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the
blood and other body tissues
aldosterone - ANSWER a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the
adrenal gland
alkalemia - ANSWER a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of
hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
alkalosis - ANSWER abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the
blood and other body tissues
anion gap - ANSWER difference between the concentrations of serum cations and
anions, determined by measuring the concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and
bicarbonate anions.
baroreceptor - ANSWER a sensory receptor that responds to pressure
buffering - ANSWER Cushioning the effect of messages by utilizing both positive and
negative politeness skills
compensation - ANSWER (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your
undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
dilutional hyponatremia - ANSWER a serum sodium that is low not because of an
absolute lack of sodium but because of an excess of water
edema - ANSWER swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
hypercalcemia - ANSWER the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the
blood
hypercapnia - ANSWER the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in
the circulating blood
hyperchloremia - ANSWER an excess of chloride in the blood plasma
hyperkalemia - ANSWER higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating
blood
hypermagnesemia - ANSWER an excess of magnesium in the blood plasma
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
Japanese Encephalitis - ANSWER Flavivirus; found in Asia and the Western Pacific;
can cause altered consciouness and seizures in children, a vaccine is used in China
Measles - ANSWER an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct
red spots followed by a rash
Mumps - ANSWER an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by
swelling of the parotid glands
Naples Virus - ANSWER A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS causing
PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER, an influenza-like illness. Related serotypes include Toscana
virus and Tehran virus.
Parvovirus - ANSWER any of a group of viruses containing DNA in an icosahedral
protein shell and causing disease in dogs and cattle
Rabies - ANSWER an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded
animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal)
Rubella - ANSWER a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting
three or four days
Shingles - ANSWER eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by
severe
neuralgia
Smallpox - ANSWER a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever
and
weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving
scars
Varicella Zoster Virus - ANSWER the member of the herpes virus family that is
responsible for chickenpox
West Nile Virus - ANSWER the flavivirus that causes West Nile encephalitis
Yellow Fever - ANSWER caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito
,Scarlet Fever - ANSWER an acute communicable disease (usually in children)
characterized by fever and a red rash
CVA - ANSWER cerebrovascular accident, a sudden loss of consciousness resulting
when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
Stroke - ANSWER a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or
occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
Seizure - ANSWER sudden disturbance in brain function sometimes producing a
convulsion
Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction
of the blood supply to the heart muscle
Mono - ANSWER an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes
and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream
Common Cold - ANSWER Acute, self-limiting, and highly contagious viral infection of
the upper respiratory tract.
Cold Sore - ANSWER caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
Codominance - ANSWER situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the
phenotype of the organism
consanguinity - ANSWER related by blood
Cri du chat syndrome - ANSWER 5p chromosome deletion, severe mental retardation,
microcephaly, catlike cry, low birth weight, round face, hypertelorism (wide eyes) p51
Down syndrome - ANSWER a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st
chromosome
euploid cell - ANSWER multiple of the normal number of chromosomes
exon - ANSWER expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
klinefelter syndrome - ANSWER syndrome in males that is characterized by small
testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental
retardation
methylation - ANSWER the addition of groups to DNA that disables genes
,monosomy - ANSWER chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one
chromosome from the normal diploid number
mutagen - ANSWER any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic
mutation or can increase the rate of mutation
mutation - ANSWER (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure
nondisjuncion - ANSWER Failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate
during meiosis, leading to one gamete with n+1 chomosomes (see trisomy) and another
gamete with n-1 chromosomes.
partial trisomy - ANSWER only an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each
cell
polygenic trait - ANSWER trait controlled by two or more genes
polymorphic - ANSWER having or occurring in several distinct forms
polypeptide - ANSWER a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids
polyploid cell - ANSWER additional sets of chromosomes beyond the diploid number
pseudoautosomal - ANSWER Shared between X and Y and required for pairing of X
and Y during meiosis in males. Same on X and Y and are at both ends
purine - ANSWER a colorless crystalline nitrogen-containing organic base
pyrimidine - ANSWER a heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor
tetraploidy - ANSWER four chromosomal sets
colorectal cancer - ANSWER adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
adenocarcinoma - ANSWER malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
agglutination - ANSWER a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by
antibodies (agglutinins)
opsonization - ANSWER An immune response in which the binding of antibodies to the
surface of a microbe facilitates phagocytosis of the the microbe by a macrophage
, Acidemia - ANSWER a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of
hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
acidosis - ANSWER abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the
blood and other body tissues
aldosterone - ANSWER a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the
adrenal gland
alkalemia - ANSWER a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of
hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
alkalosis - ANSWER abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the
blood and other body tissues
anion gap - ANSWER difference between the concentrations of serum cations and
anions, determined by measuring the concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and
bicarbonate anions.
baroreceptor - ANSWER a sensory receptor that responds to pressure
buffering - ANSWER Cushioning the effect of messages by utilizing both positive and
negative politeness skills
compensation - ANSWER (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your
undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
dilutional hyponatremia - ANSWER a serum sodium that is low not because of an
absolute lack of sodium but because of an excess of water
edema - ANSWER swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
hypercalcemia - ANSWER the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the
blood
hypercapnia - ANSWER the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in
the circulating blood
hyperchloremia - ANSWER an excess of chloride in the blood plasma
hyperkalemia - ANSWER higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating
blood
hypermagnesemia - ANSWER an excess of magnesium in the blood plasma
