GMS 6440 Fundamentals of Medical
Physiology Final Exam Questions and
Answers
name the levels of organization in the human body starting with a molecule -
Answer-molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
what are the levels of organization in the heart - Answer-amino acids --> proteins
proteins --> contraction-filament organelles
organelles --> muscle cells
muscle cells --> muscle tissue
muscle tissue --> muscle (organ like a heart)
heart --> other organs --> organ system
organ systems --> organism (human being)
what is the definition of anatomy? - Answer-the study of structure (greek for a cutting
up)
what is the definition of physiology? - Answer-the study of function (greek for
relationship to nature)
what is structure ALWAYS related to? - Answer-function
what are the characteristics of life? - Answer-respiration
digestion
absorption
assimilation
circulation
excretion
what are the main goals of respiration? - Answer-obtaining oxygen and removing
carbon dioxide from the body
what is the definition of assimilation in the body? - Answer-changing of absorbed
substances into chemically different forms
what happens when homeostasis is out of whack? - Answer-disease, organ systems
malfunctioning
,what are the different organ systems in the body? - Answer-skeletal system
muscular system
digestive system
cardiovascular/respiratory system
renal/urinary system
endocrine system
nervous system
what are the major organs in the skeletal system? - Answer-bones
cartilage
bone marrow
how many bones are in the human body? - Answer-206 bones
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answer-provides support
provides protection
stores calcium/other minerals
forms blood cells
how is skeletal muscle organized? - Answer-muscle attached to tendon
tendon attached to bone
what are the major organs in the muscular system? - Answer-skeletal muscles
associated tendons
how many muscles are there in the body - Answer-650 muscles
how does the muscular system use the energy in the body - Answer-40% energy
muscle contraction
60% generate heat
what are the functions of the muscular system - Answer-provides movement
provides protection/support
generates heat to maintain body temperature
what are the two main components of muscles? - Answer-myosin and actin
how many leg muscles are required to walk> - Answer-12
what is voluntary movement controlled by - Answer-brain
motor neurons
neuromuscular junctions
what are the three different types of muscle types - Answer-skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
what two muscle types are involuntary - Answer-smooth and cardiac
, what type of muscle is spindle shaped and in irregular bundles with dark nuclei -
Answer-smooth muscle
what type of muscle has striations visible - Answer-skeletal muscle
what type of muscle is in the GI tract (esophagus, stomach) - Answer-smooth muscle
what are the major organs of the digestive system - Answer-teeth, tongue, pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
what are the functions of the digestive system - Answer-process and digest food
absorb and conserve water
breakdown sugar, proteins, fats
store energy reserves
generate heat for body temp.
what structures are involved in chewing - Answer-tongue
teeth
oral cavity
what structures are involved in the GI tract - Answer-esophagus
liver
pancreas
what are the three layers of the esophagus - Answer-folded at rest
mucosa-inner layer
connective tissues, mucous glands-middle
smooth muscle-outer layer
what happens in the inner layer of the stomach - Answer-secretion of gastric juice
(mucous, digestive enzyme, HCl)
what is the volume of intestinal juices secreted daily - Answer-6.5-8 Liters
how much water is lost in the feces each day> - Answer-100 mL per day
(most juice will be reabsorbed)
what is the role of the villi in the small intestine - Answer-to increase surface area of
the intestine to help with absorbing carbs, proteins, and fats
why is the intestine rich in blood vessels? - Answer-to help generate more juice
what percent of the population is obese? - Answer-1/3
Physiology Final Exam Questions and
Answers
name the levels of organization in the human body starting with a molecule -
Answer-molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
what are the levels of organization in the heart - Answer-amino acids --> proteins
proteins --> contraction-filament organelles
organelles --> muscle cells
muscle cells --> muscle tissue
muscle tissue --> muscle (organ like a heart)
heart --> other organs --> organ system
organ systems --> organism (human being)
what is the definition of anatomy? - Answer-the study of structure (greek for a cutting
up)
what is the definition of physiology? - Answer-the study of function (greek for
relationship to nature)
what is structure ALWAYS related to? - Answer-function
what are the characteristics of life? - Answer-respiration
digestion
absorption
assimilation
circulation
excretion
what are the main goals of respiration? - Answer-obtaining oxygen and removing
carbon dioxide from the body
what is the definition of assimilation in the body? - Answer-changing of absorbed
substances into chemically different forms
what happens when homeostasis is out of whack? - Answer-disease, organ systems
malfunctioning
,what are the different organ systems in the body? - Answer-skeletal system
muscular system
digestive system
cardiovascular/respiratory system
renal/urinary system
endocrine system
nervous system
what are the major organs in the skeletal system? - Answer-bones
cartilage
bone marrow
how many bones are in the human body? - Answer-206 bones
what are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answer-provides support
provides protection
stores calcium/other minerals
forms blood cells
how is skeletal muscle organized? - Answer-muscle attached to tendon
tendon attached to bone
what are the major organs in the muscular system? - Answer-skeletal muscles
associated tendons
how many muscles are there in the body - Answer-650 muscles
how does the muscular system use the energy in the body - Answer-40% energy
muscle contraction
60% generate heat
what are the functions of the muscular system - Answer-provides movement
provides protection/support
generates heat to maintain body temperature
what are the two main components of muscles? - Answer-myosin and actin
how many leg muscles are required to walk> - Answer-12
what is voluntary movement controlled by - Answer-brain
motor neurons
neuromuscular junctions
what are the three different types of muscle types - Answer-skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
what two muscle types are involuntary - Answer-smooth and cardiac
, what type of muscle is spindle shaped and in irregular bundles with dark nuclei -
Answer-smooth muscle
what type of muscle has striations visible - Answer-skeletal muscle
what type of muscle is in the GI tract (esophagus, stomach) - Answer-smooth muscle
what are the major organs of the digestive system - Answer-teeth, tongue, pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
what are the functions of the digestive system - Answer-process and digest food
absorb and conserve water
breakdown sugar, proteins, fats
store energy reserves
generate heat for body temp.
what structures are involved in chewing - Answer-tongue
teeth
oral cavity
what structures are involved in the GI tract - Answer-esophagus
liver
pancreas
what are the three layers of the esophagus - Answer-folded at rest
mucosa-inner layer
connective tissues, mucous glands-middle
smooth muscle-outer layer
what happens in the inner layer of the stomach - Answer-secretion of gastric juice
(mucous, digestive enzyme, HCl)
what is the volume of intestinal juices secreted daily - Answer-6.5-8 Liters
how much water is lost in the feces each day> - Answer-100 mL per day
(most juice will be reabsorbed)
what is the role of the villi in the small intestine - Answer-to increase surface area of
the intestine to help with absorbing carbs, proteins, and fats
why is the intestine rich in blood vessels? - Answer-to help generate more juice
what percent of the population is obese? - Answer-1/3
