MEDICAL SURGICAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
What is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?
- Chest pain.
What is the best position after myocardial infarction?
- Supine with head of bed, elevated 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
What is the correct landmark for obtaining an apical pulse?
- Left fifth Intercostal Space Midclavicular line.
Which blood test is most indicative of myocardial infarction?
- CK-MB
Which blood test is most sensitive for myocardial infarction?
- Troponin
What medication is ordered to supplement Lasix?
- Potassium.
What is the quickest, most widely used tool to diagnose myocardial infarction?
- Electrocardiogram.
What is the first intervention for a patient experiencing an MI?
- Administer oxygen.
What class of drugs protects the heart muscles by decreasing the effects of the sympathetic
nervous system?
- Beta adrenergic blockers.
Which class of drugs reduces the workload of the heart by decreasing the heart rate?
- Calcium channel blockers.
What is the most common complication of a myocardial infarction?
- Arrhythmias.
What are the classic signs of right sided heart failure?
- Edema and jugular vein distension.
What position should we place the head of a client to accurately assess jugular vein distension?
- Head of bed raised 30 degrees.
What should we always check before administering the Digoxin?
- Apical pulse.
What are the most common signs of the Digoxin toxicity?
- Halo around lights.
- Nausea and vomiting.
,What is the classic sign of left sided heart failure?
- Crackles or rales in the lungs.
What class of drugs increases Ventricular contractility?
- Inotropic Drugs
What is the most common cause of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Atherosclerosis.
What is the classic sign for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Abdominal pain.
What is the definitive test to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Arteriogram.
What is the greatest concern for a client with abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Rupture of the aneurysm.
What sounds are heard upon auscultation of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Bruit sounds
Clients with what hereditary disease are more likely to develop an aneurysm?
- Marfan's syndrome
What is the definitive treatment for a ruptured aneurysm?
- Surgery.
What is the predominant cause of angina?
- Inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
What is the primary treatment goal for angina?
- Reversal of ischemia.
What is the most common cause for cardiogenic shock?
- Acute myocardial infarction.
What is the earliest sign of a decrease in cerebral blood flow?
- Altered level of consciousness.
What is the initial treatment for cardiogenic shock?
- Increase myocardial oxygen supply.
Which drug is most common for treatment of cardiogenic shock?
- Dopamine
What hormone raises arterial pressure by vasoconstriction and promotes venous return?
- Angiotensin 2
What is the most common symptom of hypertension?
- Occipital headache.
, What treatment is used to eliminate varicose veins?
- Ligation and stripping.
What sign is diagnostic of deep vein thrombosis?
- Homan sign.
What is the best position for a client with acute pulmonary edema?
- High Fowler's position.
What is the classic sign of acute pulmonary edema?
- Pink, frothy sputum.
Left-sided heart failure is usually a result of damage to what? Chamber of the Heart?
- Left ventricle.
Which organism commonly causes community-acquired pneumonia in adults?
- Streptococcus Pneumonia
In pneumonia, what lung sounds would you expect to hear in lung areas with consolidation?
- Bronchial Breath Sounds
What is the best way to identify the organism causing pneumonia?
- Sputum culture and sensitivity
What is the first treatment for any client with dyspnea?
- Oxygen
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
- Airborne and droplets
How long after a PPD test should the site be read?
- 48 to 72 hours
What is considered a positive PPD test?
- Reddened and raised 10 mm or more
What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?
- Chills, fever, night sweats and hemoptysis
What are the serious side effects of TB medications?
- Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
What is the definitive test to diagnose tuberculosis?
- Sputum culture AFB
What is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?
- Chest pain.
What is the best position after myocardial infarction?
- Supine with head of bed, elevated 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
What is the correct landmark for obtaining an apical pulse?
- Left fifth Intercostal Space Midclavicular line.
Which blood test is most indicative of myocardial infarction?
- CK-MB
Which blood test is most sensitive for myocardial infarction?
- Troponin
What medication is ordered to supplement Lasix?
- Potassium.
What is the quickest, most widely used tool to diagnose myocardial infarction?
- Electrocardiogram.
What is the first intervention for a patient experiencing an MI?
- Administer oxygen.
What class of drugs protects the heart muscles by decreasing the effects of the sympathetic
nervous system?
- Beta adrenergic blockers.
Which class of drugs reduces the workload of the heart by decreasing the heart rate?
- Calcium channel blockers.
What is the most common complication of a myocardial infarction?
- Arrhythmias.
What are the classic signs of right sided heart failure?
- Edema and jugular vein distension.
What position should we place the head of a client to accurately assess jugular vein distension?
- Head of bed raised 30 degrees.
What should we always check before administering the Digoxin?
- Apical pulse.
What are the most common signs of the Digoxin toxicity?
- Halo around lights.
- Nausea and vomiting.
,What is the classic sign of left sided heart failure?
- Crackles or rales in the lungs.
What class of drugs increases Ventricular contractility?
- Inotropic Drugs
What is the most common cause of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Atherosclerosis.
What is the classic sign for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Abdominal pain.
What is the definitive test to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Arteriogram.
What is the greatest concern for a client with abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Rupture of the aneurysm.
What sounds are heard upon auscultation of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- Bruit sounds
Clients with what hereditary disease are more likely to develop an aneurysm?
- Marfan's syndrome
What is the definitive treatment for a ruptured aneurysm?
- Surgery.
What is the predominant cause of angina?
- Inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
What is the primary treatment goal for angina?
- Reversal of ischemia.
What is the most common cause for cardiogenic shock?
- Acute myocardial infarction.
What is the earliest sign of a decrease in cerebral blood flow?
- Altered level of consciousness.
What is the initial treatment for cardiogenic shock?
- Increase myocardial oxygen supply.
Which drug is most common for treatment of cardiogenic shock?
- Dopamine
What hormone raises arterial pressure by vasoconstriction and promotes venous return?
- Angiotensin 2
What is the most common symptom of hypertension?
- Occipital headache.
, What treatment is used to eliminate varicose veins?
- Ligation and stripping.
What sign is diagnostic of deep vein thrombosis?
- Homan sign.
What is the best position for a client with acute pulmonary edema?
- High Fowler's position.
What is the classic sign of acute pulmonary edema?
- Pink, frothy sputum.
Left-sided heart failure is usually a result of damage to what? Chamber of the Heart?
- Left ventricle.
Which organism commonly causes community-acquired pneumonia in adults?
- Streptococcus Pneumonia
In pneumonia, what lung sounds would you expect to hear in lung areas with consolidation?
- Bronchial Breath Sounds
What is the best way to identify the organism causing pneumonia?
- Sputum culture and sensitivity
What is the first treatment for any client with dyspnea?
- Oxygen
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
- Airborne and droplets
How long after a PPD test should the site be read?
- 48 to 72 hours
What is considered a positive PPD test?
- Reddened and raised 10 mm or more
What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?
- Chills, fever, night sweats and hemoptysis
What are the serious side effects of TB medications?
- Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
What is the definitive test to diagnose tuberculosis?
- Sputum culture AFB
