NCM 106 PHARMACOLOGY
LESSON 1
Outline
What is Pharmacology?
What is the difference between drugs and medicines?
What are the branches of Pharmacology?
What is Efficacy and Potency?
What are the Classification of drugs?
Pharmacology - is the science dealing with actions of drugs on the body and the
movement of drugs in the body
Drug
• taken into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or
psychologically
• may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis,
ecstasy, cocaine and heroin).
Medicine
• pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine
• is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or
to promote well-being
Two Branches of Pharmacology
1. Pharmacodynamics
is the science or study of how the body reacts to drugs
2. Pharmacokinetics
concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.
Pharmacodynamics
• Agonist - a drug that activates or stimulate receptor signal information
• Antagonist - a drug that inhibit or prevent the receptor from transmitting
information
4 Phases of Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption- the movement of a drug into the bloodstream after
administration.
• Distribution- the movement of a drug to and from the blood and various
tissues of the body
, • Metabolism -change the chemical structure of the substance
• Elimination-the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from
the body.
Efficacy
• therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in humans.
Potency
amount of a drug that is needed to produce a given effect
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
Analgesics
• Opioid
• Non- Opiod
• designed to relieve pain without causing the loss of consciousness
Anesthetics
• General
• Local
• agent that produces a local or general loss of sensation, including pain
Antimicrobial
• Antibiotic
• Antibacterial
• agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth
Anticonvulsants
• substance used to prevent or stop seizures or convulsions
Antidementia agents
• pharmaceutical agents that may slow the progression or otherwise benefit
patients with Alzheimer's
Antidepressants
• medications that can help relieve symptoms of depression, social anxiety
disorder, anxiety disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and dysthymia.
Antidote
• Antitoxin chelating substance, or a chemical that counteracts (neutralizes)
the effects of another drug or a poison.
Antiemetics
• prescribed to help with nausea and vomiting
, Antifungals
• killing or stopping the growth of dangerous fungi in the body
Anti-inflammatory
• corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• used to manage the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other
musculoskeletal disorders.
Antimigraine agents
• medications intended to reduce the effects or intensity of migraine headache
Antimyasthenic agents
an agent that counteracts or relieves muscular weakness in myasthenia
gravus
Antimycobacterial
• treatment of mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy and
nontuberculous mycobacteria
Antineoplastic
• medications used to treat cancer
• anticancer, chemotherapy, cytotoxic, or hazardous drugs.
Antiparasitic
• used in the management and treatment of infections by parasites, including
protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
Antiparkinsonian agents
• medicines used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Antipsychotics
• used as a short or long-term treatment for bipolar disorder to control
psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or mania symptoms.
Antiviral
• HIV antiretrovirals
• Hepatitis C drugs
• help body fight off certain viruses that can cause disease
Anxiolytic
• sedatives and hypnotics are medicines that work on the central nervous
system to relieve anxiety, aid sleep, or have a calming effect.
Blood glucose regulators
• medicines developed for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
LESSON 1
Outline
What is Pharmacology?
What is the difference between drugs and medicines?
What are the branches of Pharmacology?
What is Efficacy and Potency?
What are the Classification of drugs?
Pharmacology - is the science dealing with actions of drugs on the body and the
movement of drugs in the body
Drug
• taken into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or
psychologically
• may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis,
ecstasy, cocaine and heroin).
Medicine
• pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine
• is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or
to promote well-being
Two Branches of Pharmacology
1. Pharmacodynamics
is the science or study of how the body reacts to drugs
2. Pharmacokinetics
concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.
Pharmacodynamics
• Agonist - a drug that activates or stimulate receptor signal information
• Antagonist - a drug that inhibit or prevent the receptor from transmitting
information
4 Phases of Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption- the movement of a drug into the bloodstream after
administration.
• Distribution- the movement of a drug to and from the blood and various
tissues of the body
, • Metabolism -change the chemical structure of the substance
• Elimination-the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from
the body.
Efficacy
• therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in humans.
Potency
amount of a drug that is needed to produce a given effect
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
Analgesics
• Opioid
• Non- Opiod
• designed to relieve pain without causing the loss of consciousness
Anesthetics
• General
• Local
• agent that produces a local or general loss of sensation, including pain
Antimicrobial
• Antibiotic
• Antibacterial
• agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth
Anticonvulsants
• substance used to prevent or stop seizures or convulsions
Antidementia agents
• pharmaceutical agents that may slow the progression or otherwise benefit
patients with Alzheimer's
Antidepressants
• medications that can help relieve symptoms of depression, social anxiety
disorder, anxiety disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and dysthymia.
Antidote
• Antitoxin chelating substance, or a chemical that counteracts (neutralizes)
the effects of another drug or a poison.
Antiemetics
• prescribed to help with nausea and vomiting
, Antifungals
• killing or stopping the growth of dangerous fungi in the body
Anti-inflammatory
• corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• used to manage the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other
musculoskeletal disorders.
Antimigraine agents
• medications intended to reduce the effects or intensity of migraine headache
Antimyasthenic agents
an agent that counteracts or relieves muscular weakness in myasthenia
gravus
Antimycobacterial
• treatment of mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy and
nontuberculous mycobacteria
Antineoplastic
• medications used to treat cancer
• anticancer, chemotherapy, cytotoxic, or hazardous drugs.
Antiparasitic
• used in the management and treatment of infections by parasites, including
protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
Antiparkinsonian agents
• medicines used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Antipsychotics
• used as a short or long-term treatment for bipolar disorder to control
psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or mania symptoms.
Antiviral
• HIV antiretrovirals
• Hepatitis C drugs
• help body fight off certain viruses that can cause disease
Anxiolytic
• sedatives and hypnotics are medicines that work on the central nervous
system to relieve anxiety, aid sleep, or have a calming effect.
Blood glucose regulators
• medicines developed for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
