WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (MIDTERM) EXAM
(ACTUAL 2025) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
A common cause of heart failure is which of the following?
(Select all that apply. - <<<<Answers>>>>-Coronary artery
disease
-Cardiomyopathy
-Hypertension
Symptoms of right sided heart failure - <<<<Answers>>>>-
Awakening at night with shortness of breath
-Shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Difficulty concentrating
-Dizziness
-Fatigue
-Fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet
and/or abdomen
-Increased urge to urinate
-Lack of appetite and nausea
-Difficulty exercising
-Sudden weight gain
,Symptoms of left sided heart failure -
<<<<Answers>>>>Exertional pulmonary vascular congestion
Exertional dyspnea
Cough
Fatigue
Othopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Basilar rales
Gallops
Exercise intolerance
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - <<<<Answers>>>>Refers
to intermittent attacks of severe dyspnea during the night and
is a most distressing form of orthopnea. The individual
experiences a feeling of suffocation and panic at not being
able to overcome the dyspnea. Sitting or standing helps
,relieve the dyspnea because blood pools in the extremities,
reducing pulmonary hydrostatic pressure and congestion
Reduced cardiac output in heart failure - <<<<Answers>>>>-
Congestion of blood flow in the systemic (RHF) - Pulmonary
(LHF) venous circulation - Inability to increase cardiac output
to meet the demands of the activity -Increased tissue
metabolism.
Complications of dysrhythmias - <<<<Answers>>>>If left
untreated, can lead to stroke, sudden cardiac arrest, or heart
failure.
Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock -
<<<<Answers>>>>Struggling to breathe
Dizziness
Confusion
Sudden feeling of weakness
Loss of consciousness
Risk factors and pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock -
<<<<Answers>>>>Certain medications such as penicillin
Insect stings
Foods such as:tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, agents used in
immunotherapy, latex
, Define sepsis and septic shock - <<<<Answers>>>>Sepsis
occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an
infection trigger inflammation throughout the body.
Septic Shock is a widespread infection causing organ failure
and dangerously low blood pressure.
Types of obstructive shock - <<<<Answers>>>>Cardiac
tamponade, tension pnemothorax, pulmonary embolism
Cardiogenic Shock - <<<<Answers>>>>A condition in which
your heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your
body's needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe
heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has
cardiogenic shock.
Common sign of viral pneumonia - <<<<Answers>>>>Dry
cough
Immunosuppression is a risk factor for -
<<<<Answers>>>>Pulmonary TB
Signs/symptoms of bacterial pneumonia -
<<<<Answers>>>>Productive cough and parenchymal
infiltrates on x-ray
(ACTUAL 2025) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
A common cause of heart failure is which of the following?
(Select all that apply. - <<<<Answers>>>>-Coronary artery
disease
-Cardiomyopathy
-Hypertension
Symptoms of right sided heart failure - <<<<Answers>>>>-
Awakening at night with shortness of breath
-Shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Difficulty concentrating
-Dizziness
-Fatigue
-Fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet
and/or abdomen
-Increased urge to urinate
-Lack of appetite and nausea
-Difficulty exercising
-Sudden weight gain
,Symptoms of left sided heart failure -
<<<<Answers>>>>Exertional pulmonary vascular congestion
Exertional dyspnea
Cough
Fatigue
Othopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Basilar rales
Gallops
Exercise intolerance
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - <<<<Answers>>>>Refers
to intermittent attacks of severe dyspnea during the night and
is a most distressing form of orthopnea. The individual
experiences a feeling of suffocation and panic at not being
able to overcome the dyspnea. Sitting or standing helps
,relieve the dyspnea because blood pools in the extremities,
reducing pulmonary hydrostatic pressure and congestion
Reduced cardiac output in heart failure - <<<<Answers>>>>-
Congestion of blood flow in the systemic (RHF) - Pulmonary
(LHF) venous circulation - Inability to increase cardiac output
to meet the demands of the activity -Increased tissue
metabolism.
Complications of dysrhythmias - <<<<Answers>>>>If left
untreated, can lead to stroke, sudden cardiac arrest, or heart
failure.
Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock -
<<<<Answers>>>>Struggling to breathe
Dizziness
Confusion
Sudden feeling of weakness
Loss of consciousness
Risk factors and pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock -
<<<<Answers>>>>Certain medications such as penicillin
Insect stings
Foods such as:tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, agents used in
immunotherapy, latex
, Define sepsis and septic shock - <<<<Answers>>>>Sepsis
occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an
infection trigger inflammation throughout the body.
Septic Shock is a widespread infection causing organ failure
and dangerously low blood pressure.
Types of obstructive shock - <<<<Answers>>>>Cardiac
tamponade, tension pnemothorax, pulmonary embolism
Cardiogenic Shock - <<<<Answers>>>>A condition in which
your heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your
body's needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe
heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has
cardiogenic shock.
Common sign of viral pneumonia - <<<<Answers>>>>Dry
cough
Immunosuppression is a risk factor for -
<<<<Answers>>>>Pulmonary TB
Signs/symptoms of bacterial pneumonia -
<<<<Answers>>>>Productive cough and parenchymal
infiltrates on x-ray
