TAMU BIOL 319 Test 2 Cohn
What is a sessamoid bone? - ANSWER: A bone that grows with and within a tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - ANSWER: Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - ANSWER: - Connect bone to bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from __________. - ANSWER: Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? - ANSWER: 8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - ANSWER: - Bone stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to become osteoblasts? - ANSWER: Mitosis
Define: Periosteum - ANSWER: Dense connective tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum serve? - ANSWER: - Allow attachment point for
tendons
- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - ANSWER: Periosteum
Define: Osteoblasts - ANSWER: - Come from osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
, Through what process does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? - ANSWER: An osteoblast sinks down into
extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - ANSWER: - Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - ANSWER: Bone marrow: when blood cells fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - ANSWER: - From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and PO4^3- into the blood? - ANSWER: Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - ANSWER: Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? - ANSWER: Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER: Chondrocytes
Define: Hyperplasia - ANSWER: Mitotic growth of tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo apoptosis? - ANSWER: Calcification
What is the net result of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergoing calcification? - ANSWER: Provide
material to build new bone for lengthening long bones
Growth occurs in what direction at the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER: From epiphysis to diaphysis
What is a sessamoid bone? - ANSWER: A bone that grows with and within a tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - ANSWER: Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - ANSWER: - Connect bone to bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from __________. - ANSWER: Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? - ANSWER: 8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - ANSWER: - Bone stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to become osteoblasts? - ANSWER: Mitosis
Define: Periosteum - ANSWER: Dense connective tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum serve? - ANSWER: - Allow attachment point for
tendons
- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - ANSWER: Periosteum
Define: Osteoblasts - ANSWER: - Come from osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
, Through what process does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? - ANSWER: An osteoblast sinks down into
extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - ANSWER: - Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - ANSWER: Bone marrow: when blood cells fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - ANSWER: - From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and PO4^3- into the blood? - ANSWER: Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - ANSWER: Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? - ANSWER: Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER: Chondrocytes
Define: Hyperplasia - ANSWER: Mitotic growth of tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo apoptosis? - ANSWER: Calcification
What is the net result of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergoing calcification? - ANSWER: Provide
material to build new bone for lengthening long bones
Growth occurs in what direction at the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER: From epiphysis to diaphysis
