PSYC3102 Final Exam with Answers
100% Pass
Abnormal Psychology - ANS -Four main objectives:
1. Describing what behaviours are evident (nosology)
2. Explaining why behaviours are evident (etiology)
3. Predicting outcome (course and prognosis)
4. Managing behaviours that are considered problematic (treatment)
Relativist view - ANS -Concept of abnormality where symptoms and causes of
disorders varies across different cultures.
Absolutist view - ANS -Concept of abnormality where a disorder is caused by the
same biological factors in all cultures
Defining abnormality - ANS -Subjective. Is behaving differently, deviantly dangerously
or dysfunctionally. Duration is an important consideration.
Comorbidity - ANS -Presence of multiple disorders in an individual.
Incidence - ANS -Number of new cases of a disorder in a timeframe.
Prevalence - ANS -Total active cases in a population.
Lifetime prevalence - ANS -Probability of experiencing a disorder in life.
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,Syndrome - ANS -Group of symptoms forming a recognizable condition.
Psychopathology in the ancient world - ANS -Supernatural explanations prevailed.
Mental disorders were placed into three categories: mania, melancholy, phrenitis
Mania cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by excess yellow bile
Melancholy cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by excess black bile
Phrenitis cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by Brain injury
Scientist-practitioner model - ANS -Integrates research with clinical practice.
Psychopathology in the middle ages - ANS -Mixture of folklore and religion
dominated. Supernatural view in which abnormal behaviour interpreted as the work of the
devil or witchcraft. Mental disorders treated like witches
Franz Mesmer - ANS -Identified hysterical disorders and treated them with hypnosis
Sigmund Freud - ANS -Influenced hypnosis work, free association, dream analysis
Criticisms of classification - ANS -- Socially constructed and change over time
- Loss of information
- Ignores differences among people meeting criteria for a disorder
- May lead to stigma and discrimination
2
- Labelling controversy
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, Concordance rate - ANS -Proportion of pairs (twins) sharing an attribute. If MZ rate of
the disorder is > that DZ rate it indicates genetic contributions. Is MZ = DZ and both show
high concordance, indicates shared environment contributions. If MZ and DZ show low
concordance, indicates non-shared environment contributions
Adoption studies - ANS -Compares disorders in adopted vs biological relatives.
Candidate gene studies - ANS -Examine allele frequency in affected individuals.
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) - ANS -Assess common genetic variations
across the genome.
Oral stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 0-1.5 years
- The mouth- sucking, swallowing etc.
- Trauma here results in oral fixation
Anal stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 1-3 years
- The anus- withholding or expelling faeces
- Trauma here results in obsessiveness, untidiness, meanness
Phallic stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 3-4 years
- Masturbation
- Trauma here results in vanity, sexual anxiety
Latent stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 5-12 years
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- Little or no sexual motivation present
100% Pass
Abnormal Psychology - ANS -Four main objectives:
1. Describing what behaviours are evident (nosology)
2. Explaining why behaviours are evident (etiology)
3. Predicting outcome (course and prognosis)
4. Managing behaviours that are considered problematic (treatment)
Relativist view - ANS -Concept of abnormality where symptoms and causes of
disorders varies across different cultures.
Absolutist view - ANS -Concept of abnormality where a disorder is caused by the
same biological factors in all cultures
Defining abnormality - ANS -Subjective. Is behaving differently, deviantly dangerously
or dysfunctionally. Duration is an important consideration.
Comorbidity - ANS -Presence of multiple disorders in an individual.
Incidence - ANS -Number of new cases of a disorder in a timeframe.
Prevalence - ANS -Total active cases in a population.
Lifetime prevalence - ANS -Probability of experiencing a disorder in life.
1
Page
,Syndrome - ANS -Group of symptoms forming a recognizable condition.
Psychopathology in the ancient world - ANS -Supernatural explanations prevailed.
Mental disorders were placed into three categories: mania, melancholy, phrenitis
Mania cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by excess yellow bile
Melancholy cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by excess black bile
Phrenitis cause (ancient view) - ANS -Caused by Brain injury
Scientist-practitioner model - ANS -Integrates research with clinical practice.
Psychopathology in the middle ages - ANS -Mixture of folklore and religion
dominated. Supernatural view in which abnormal behaviour interpreted as the work of the
devil or witchcraft. Mental disorders treated like witches
Franz Mesmer - ANS -Identified hysterical disorders and treated them with hypnosis
Sigmund Freud - ANS -Influenced hypnosis work, free association, dream analysis
Criticisms of classification - ANS -- Socially constructed and change over time
- Loss of information
- Ignores differences among people meeting criteria for a disorder
- May lead to stigma and discrimination
2
- Labelling controversy
Page
, Concordance rate - ANS -Proportion of pairs (twins) sharing an attribute. If MZ rate of
the disorder is > that DZ rate it indicates genetic contributions. Is MZ = DZ and both show
high concordance, indicates shared environment contributions. If MZ and DZ show low
concordance, indicates non-shared environment contributions
Adoption studies - ANS -Compares disorders in adopted vs biological relatives.
Candidate gene studies - ANS -Examine allele frequency in affected individuals.
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) - ANS -Assess common genetic variations
across the genome.
Oral stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 0-1.5 years
- The mouth- sucking, swallowing etc.
- Trauma here results in oral fixation
Anal stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 1-3 years
- The anus- withholding or expelling faeces
- Trauma here results in obsessiveness, untidiness, meanness
Phallic stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 3-4 years
- Masturbation
- Trauma here results in vanity, sexual anxiety
Latent stage of psychosexual development - ANS -- 5-12 years
3
Page
- Little or no sexual motivation present
