CHEMISTRY: THE CENTRAL
SCIENCE
MATTER AND ENERGY
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A structured and systematic approach to investigating natural
phenomena using empirical evidence.
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis,
Conclusion
CHEMISTRY
The study of properties and behavior matter and the changes it
undergoes.
Matter - physical material of the universe; it is anything that has
mass and occupies space.
Property - characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular
type of matter and to distinguish it from other types.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
Matter can be classified according to:
1. Physical State
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
2. Composition
• Pure Substance
⚬ Element
⚬ Compound
• Mixture
STATES OF MATTER
, • Solid - has a definite shape and a definite
volume.
• Liquid - has a distinct volume independent of its container but
has no specific shape.
• Gas - has no fixed volume or shape.
COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER
1. Pure Substance
• Chemically pure
• Matter that has distinct properties and composition that does
not vary from sample to sample.
• All substances are either elements or compounds.
• e.g. oxygen, water, table salt (sodium chloride)
a. Elements
• Substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
by chemical or physical means.
• Each element is composed of only one kind of atom.
• 118 elements are currently known.
b. Compounds
• A substance with a constant composition that can be broken
down into elements by chemical processes.
• Composed of two or more elements. Thus, containing two or
more kinds of atoms.
2. Mixtures
• Combinations of two or more substances in which each
substance retains its chemical identity.
• Composition can vary.
• The substances making up a mixture are called components of
the mixture.
a. Heterogeneous Mixture
• Mixture consisting of 2 or more phases and does not have the
same composition, properties, and appearance throughout.
SCIENCE
MATTER AND ENERGY
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A structured and systematic approach to investigating natural
phenomena using empirical evidence.
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis,
Conclusion
CHEMISTRY
The study of properties and behavior matter and the changes it
undergoes.
Matter - physical material of the universe; it is anything that has
mass and occupies space.
Property - characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular
type of matter and to distinguish it from other types.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
Matter can be classified according to:
1. Physical State
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
2. Composition
• Pure Substance
⚬ Element
⚬ Compound
• Mixture
STATES OF MATTER
, • Solid - has a definite shape and a definite
volume.
• Liquid - has a distinct volume independent of its container but
has no specific shape.
• Gas - has no fixed volume or shape.
COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER
1. Pure Substance
• Chemically pure
• Matter that has distinct properties and composition that does
not vary from sample to sample.
• All substances are either elements or compounds.
• e.g. oxygen, water, table salt (sodium chloride)
a. Elements
• Substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
by chemical or physical means.
• Each element is composed of only one kind of atom.
• 118 elements are currently known.
b. Compounds
• A substance with a constant composition that can be broken
down into elements by chemical processes.
• Composed of two or more elements. Thus, containing two or
more kinds of atoms.
2. Mixtures
• Combinations of two or more substances in which each
substance retains its chemical identity.
• Composition can vary.
• The substances making up a mixture are called components of
the mixture.
a. Heterogeneous Mixture
• Mixture consisting of 2 or more phases and does not have the
same composition, properties, and appearance throughout.
