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Chapter 01: Cellular Biology........................................................................................................................................ 4
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Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases.................................................................................................................... 13
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Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease .......................................................................................................................... 23
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U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ....................................................................................................... 27
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................... 39
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Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
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Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
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Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
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SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease................................................................................................................................... 76
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Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathop
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hysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
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Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
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Chapter 12: Cancer in Children .................................................................................................................................. 91
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Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
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Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 105
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Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ................................ 116
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Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................... 126
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Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
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Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................................... 147
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Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ..................................................................................................... 156
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Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
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gy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 169
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Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function .................................................................................................... 176
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INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
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Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understand
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ing Pathophysiology, 6th Edition.............................................................................................................................. 200
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Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................. 210
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U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
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gy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
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SNT
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Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 236
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Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ....................................................................................................... 245
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, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
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Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathop
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hysiology, 6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
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physiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 286
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Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
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Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ....................................................................................... 300
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ......................................................................................................... 312
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ....................................................................................... 325
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
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ology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................................... 334
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U SNT
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................................................... 342
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
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U SNT
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Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
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logy, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................................... 357
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Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................. 366
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, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE bf
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA w
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ith histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus bf
c. Free-floating nuclear material bf bf
d. No organelles bf
ANS: B b f
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucle
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us; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote co
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ntains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse d
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escribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption bf
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D bf
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involv
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es maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allo
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ws for the synthesizing of new substances.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of t
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he genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm bf
ANS: C bf
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic aci
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d, most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is as
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sociated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. C
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ytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology........................................................................................................................................ 4
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Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases.................................................................................................................... 13
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Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease .......................................................................................................................... 23
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U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ....................................................................................................... 27
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................... 39
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Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
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Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
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Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
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SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease................................................................................................................................... 76
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Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathop
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hysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
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Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
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Chapter 12: Cancer in Children .................................................................................................................................. 91
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Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
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Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 105
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Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ................................ 116
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Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................... 126
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Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
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Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................................... 147
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Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ..................................................................................................... 156
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Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
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gy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 169
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Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function .................................................................................................... 176
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INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
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Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understand
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ing Pathophysiology, 6th Edition.............................................................................................................................. 200
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Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................. 210
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U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SNT bf bf O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
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gy, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
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SNT
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Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
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, 6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 236
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Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ....................................................................................................... 245
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, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
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Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathop
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hysiology, 6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
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physiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 286
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Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
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Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ....................................................................................... 300
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
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6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ......................................................................................................... 312
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ....................................................................................... 325
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
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ology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................................... 334
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U SNT
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................................................... 342
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
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ogy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
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U SNT
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Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
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logy, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................................... 357
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Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................. 366
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, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE bf
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA w
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ith histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus bf
c. Free-floating nuclear material bf bf
d. No organelles bf
ANS: B b f
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucle
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us; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote co
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ntains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse d
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escribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption bf
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D bf
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involv
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es maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allo
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ws for the synthesizing of new substances.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of t
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he genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm bf
ANS: C bf
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic aci
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d, most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is as
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sociated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. C
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ytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
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REF: p. 2 bf bf
