SCIENCE
Subject Code – 086
Classes IX and X (2025-26)
Science Education aims to achieve Scientific understanding of the natural and physical
world; Capacities for scientific inquiry; Understanding the evolution of scientific knowledge;
Interdisciplinary understanding between science and other curricular areas; Understanding
of the relationship between Science, Technology and, Society; Scientific temper and
Creativity.
The present syllabus has been designed around seven broad themes viz. Food; Materials;
The World of the Living; How Things Work; Moving Things, People and Ideas; Natural
Phenomenon and Natural Resources.
The Curricular Goals of Science at the Secondary Stage move from the concrete nature of
the Middle Stage towards abstraction - from perceptual and practical concepts to
theoretical concepts.
The Learning Standards (Curricular Goals and Competencies) for Science as an integrated
curricular area, in alignment with the National Curriculum Framework 2023 are as follows:
CG-1 C-1.1 Describes classification of elements in the Periodic Table, and
Explores the world of matter, explains how compounds (including carbon compounds) are formed
its interactions, and properties based on atomic structure (Bohr’s model) and properties (valency)
at the atomic level
C-1.2 Investigates the nature and properties of chemical substances
(distillation, crystallisation, chromatography, centrifugation, types and
properties of mixtures, solutions, colloids, and suspensions)
C-1.3 Describes and represents chemical interactions and changes using
symbols and chemical equations (acid and base, metal, and non-metal,
reversible, and irreversible)
CG-2 C-2.1 Applies Newton’s laws to explain the effect of forces (change in
Explores the physical world state of motion – displacement and direction, velocity and acceleration,
around them, and uniform circular motion, acceleration due to gravity) and analyses
understands scientific graphical and mathematical representations of motion in one dimension
principles and laws based on
C-2.2 Explains the relationship between mass and weight using universal
observations and analysis
law of gravitation and connect it to laws of motion
C-2.3 Manipulates the position of object and properties of lenses (focus,
centre of curvature) to observe image characteristics and correspondence
with a ray diagram, and extends this understanding to a combination of
lenses (telescope, microscope)
C-2.4 Manipulates and analyses different characteristics of the circuit
(current, voltage, resistance) and mathematises their relationship (Ohm’s
law), and applies it to everyday usage (electricity bill, short circuit, safety
measures)
C-2.5 Defines work in scientific terms, and represents the relationship
1
, between potential and kinetic energy (conservation of energy) in
mathematical expressions
C-2.6 Demonstrates the principle of mechanical advantage by
constructing simple machines (system of levers and pulleys)
C-2.7 Describes the origin and properties of sound (wavelength,
frequency, amplitude) and differences in what we hear as it propagates
through different instruments
CG-3 C-3.1 Explains the role of cellular components (nucleus, mitochondria,
Explores the structure and endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, chloroplast, cell wall), including the
function of the living world at semi-permeability of cell membrane in making cell the structural basis of
the cellular level living organisms and functional basis of life processes
C-3.2 Analyses similarities and differences in the life processes involved
in nutrition (photosynthesis in plants; absorption of nutrients in fungi;
digestion in animals), transport (transport of water in plants; circulation in
animals), exchange of materials (respiration and excretion), and
reproduction
C-3.3 Describes mechanisms of heredity (in terms of DNA, genes,
chromosomes) and variation (as changes in the sequence of DNA)
CG-4 C-4.1 Applies the knowledge of cellular diversity in organisms along with
Explores interconnectedness the ecological role organisms play (autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition)
between organisms and their to classify them into five-kingdoms
environment
C-4.2 Illustrates different levels of organisations of living organisms (from
molecules to organisms)
C-4.3 Analyses different levels of biological organisation from organisms
to ecosystems and biomes along with interactions that take place at each
level
C-4.4 Analyses patterns of inheritance of traits in terms of Mendel’s laws
and its consequences at a population level (using models and/or
simulations)
C-4.5 Analyses evidences of biological evolution demonstrating the
consequences of the process of natural selection in terms of changes: in
allele frequency in population, structure, and function of organisms
CG-5 C-5.1 Explores how literature and the arts have influenced Science
Draws linkages between
C-5.2 Examines a case study related to the use of Science in human life
scientific knowledge and
from the perspective of Social Sciences and ethics (e.g., Marie Curie,
knowledge across other
Jenner, treatment of patients with mental illness, the story of the atomic
curricular areas
bomb, green revolution and GMOs, conservation of biodiversity)
C-5.3 Applies scientific principles to explain phenomena in other subjects
(sound pitch, octave, and amplitude in music; use of muscles in dance
form and sports)
CG-6 C-6.1 Knows and explains the significant contributions of India to all
Understands and appreciates matters (concepts, explanations, methods) that are studied within the
the contribution of India curriculum in an integrated manner
through history and the
present times to the overall
2
Subject Code – 086
Classes IX and X (2025-26)
Science Education aims to achieve Scientific understanding of the natural and physical
world; Capacities for scientific inquiry; Understanding the evolution of scientific knowledge;
Interdisciplinary understanding between science and other curricular areas; Understanding
of the relationship between Science, Technology and, Society; Scientific temper and
Creativity.
The present syllabus has been designed around seven broad themes viz. Food; Materials;
The World of the Living; How Things Work; Moving Things, People and Ideas; Natural
Phenomenon and Natural Resources.
The Curricular Goals of Science at the Secondary Stage move from the concrete nature of
the Middle Stage towards abstraction - from perceptual and practical concepts to
theoretical concepts.
The Learning Standards (Curricular Goals and Competencies) for Science as an integrated
curricular area, in alignment with the National Curriculum Framework 2023 are as follows:
CG-1 C-1.1 Describes classification of elements in the Periodic Table, and
Explores the world of matter, explains how compounds (including carbon compounds) are formed
its interactions, and properties based on atomic structure (Bohr’s model) and properties (valency)
at the atomic level
C-1.2 Investigates the nature and properties of chemical substances
(distillation, crystallisation, chromatography, centrifugation, types and
properties of mixtures, solutions, colloids, and suspensions)
C-1.3 Describes and represents chemical interactions and changes using
symbols and chemical equations (acid and base, metal, and non-metal,
reversible, and irreversible)
CG-2 C-2.1 Applies Newton’s laws to explain the effect of forces (change in
Explores the physical world state of motion – displacement and direction, velocity and acceleration,
around them, and uniform circular motion, acceleration due to gravity) and analyses
understands scientific graphical and mathematical representations of motion in one dimension
principles and laws based on
C-2.2 Explains the relationship between mass and weight using universal
observations and analysis
law of gravitation and connect it to laws of motion
C-2.3 Manipulates the position of object and properties of lenses (focus,
centre of curvature) to observe image characteristics and correspondence
with a ray diagram, and extends this understanding to a combination of
lenses (telescope, microscope)
C-2.4 Manipulates and analyses different characteristics of the circuit
(current, voltage, resistance) and mathematises their relationship (Ohm’s
law), and applies it to everyday usage (electricity bill, short circuit, safety
measures)
C-2.5 Defines work in scientific terms, and represents the relationship
1
, between potential and kinetic energy (conservation of energy) in
mathematical expressions
C-2.6 Demonstrates the principle of mechanical advantage by
constructing simple machines (system of levers and pulleys)
C-2.7 Describes the origin and properties of sound (wavelength,
frequency, amplitude) and differences in what we hear as it propagates
through different instruments
CG-3 C-3.1 Explains the role of cellular components (nucleus, mitochondria,
Explores the structure and endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, chloroplast, cell wall), including the
function of the living world at semi-permeability of cell membrane in making cell the structural basis of
the cellular level living organisms and functional basis of life processes
C-3.2 Analyses similarities and differences in the life processes involved
in nutrition (photosynthesis in plants; absorption of nutrients in fungi;
digestion in animals), transport (transport of water in plants; circulation in
animals), exchange of materials (respiration and excretion), and
reproduction
C-3.3 Describes mechanisms of heredity (in terms of DNA, genes,
chromosomes) and variation (as changes in the sequence of DNA)
CG-4 C-4.1 Applies the knowledge of cellular diversity in organisms along with
Explores interconnectedness the ecological role organisms play (autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition)
between organisms and their to classify them into five-kingdoms
environment
C-4.2 Illustrates different levels of organisations of living organisms (from
molecules to organisms)
C-4.3 Analyses different levels of biological organisation from organisms
to ecosystems and biomes along with interactions that take place at each
level
C-4.4 Analyses patterns of inheritance of traits in terms of Mendel’s laws
and its consequences at a population level (using models and/or
simulations)
C-4.5 Analyses evidences of biological evolution demonstrating the
consequences of the process of natural selection in terms of changes: in
allele frequency in population, structure, and function of organisms
CG-5 C-5.1 Explores how literature and the arts have influenced Science
Draws linkages between
C-5.2 Examines a case study related to the use of Science in human life
scientific knowledge and
from the perspective of Social Sciences and ethics (e.g., Marie Curie,
knowledge across other
Jenner, treatment of patients with mental illness, the story of the atomic
curricular areas
bomb, green revolution and GMOs, conservation of biodiversity)
C-5.3 Applies scientific principles to explain phenomena in other subjects
(sound pitch, octave, and amplitude in music; use of muscles in dance
form and sports)
CG-6 C-6.1 Knows and explains the significant contributions of India to all
Understands and appreciates matters (concepts, explanations, methods) that are studied within the
the contribution of India curriculum in an integrated manner
through history and the
present times to the overall
2
