RELIAS ASSESSMENTS ASSISTANCE MATERIAL RN
Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK UPDATE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bnni4k
1. Antacids Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach.
They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI
alterations such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the absorption of many
drugs.
2. Antacids: Gener- Here is a list of the most commonly encountered antacids and their brand names.
ic and Brand ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum saltsAlternaGELcalcium
Names saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan, Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magne-
sia, otherssodium bicarbonateBell-ans
3. What are Antacids are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.
antacids? Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a variety of GI
symptoms.
The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption factors.
4. Antacids Thera- The desired actions of antacids include the following:
peutic actions Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.
Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as well as
the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric
hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.
5. Antacids The following are contraindications and cautions when using antacids:
Contraindica- Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known allergy
tions and to antacid products or any component of the drug to prevent hypersensitivity
Cautions reactions.
Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any condition
that can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance to prevent ex-
acerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte imbalance , which could
be exacerbated by the electrolyte-changing effects of these drugs; GI obstruction
which could cause systemic absorption of the drugs and increase adverse effects;
renal dysfunction, which could lead to electrolyte disturbance if any absorbed
antacid is neutralized properly.
, Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bnni4k
Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating
women because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.
6. Histamine-2 (H2) Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists block the release of acid in response to
receptor antago- gastrin or parasympathetic release.
nists
7. Histamine-2 An- Here is a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.
tagonist: Gener- ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2 antagonistscimetidineTaga-
ic and Brand metranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidineAxid
Names
8. H2 blockers Ther- The desired actions of H2 antagonists include the following:
apeutic actions Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.
Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of histamine
(due to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately blocking the production of
hydrochloric acid.
Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.
9. Proton Pump In- The gastric acid pump or proton pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion
hibitors by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme
system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.
10. Proton Pump In- Here is a table of the most commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:
hibitors: Gener- ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump
ic and Brand inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePre-
Names vacidomeprazolePrilosecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex
11. What are Proton Proton pump inhibitors suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen
Pump Inhibitors? of the stomach.
12. PPI Nursing As- Assess for possible contraindications and cautions: history of allergy to a proton
sessment pump inhibitor to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reaction and current status of
Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK UPDATE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bnni4k
1. Antacids Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach.
They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI
alterations such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the absorption of many
drugs.
2. Antacids: Gener- Here is a list of the most commonly encountered antacids and their brand names.
ic and Brand ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum saltsAlternaGELcalcium
Names saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan, Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magne-
sia, otherssodium bicarbonateBell-ans
3. What are Antacids are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.
antacids? Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a variety of GI
symptoms.
The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption factors.
4. Antacids Thera- The desired actions of antacids include the following:
peutic actions Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.
Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as well as
the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric
hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.
5. Antacids The following are contraindications and cautions when using antacids:
Contraindica- Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known allergy
tions and to antacid products or any component of the drug to prevent hypersensitivity
Cautions reactions.
Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any condition
that can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance to prevent ex-
acerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte imbalance , which could
be exacerbated by the electrolyte-changing effects of these drugs; GI obstruction
which could cause systemic absorption of the drugs and increase adverse effects;
renal dysfunction, which could lead to electrolyte disturbance if any absorbed
antacid is neutralized properly.
, Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bnni4k
Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating
women because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.
6. Histamine-2 (H2) Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists block the release of acid in response to
receptor antago- gastrin or parasympathetic release.
nists
7. Histamine-2 An- Here is a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.
tagonist: Gener- ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2 antagonistscimetidineTaga-
ic and Brand metranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidineAxid
Names
8. H2 blockers Ther- The desired actions of H2 antagonists include the following:
apeutic actions Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.
Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of histamine
(due to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately blocking the production of
hydrochloric acid.
Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.
9. Proton Pump In- The gastric acid pump or proton pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion
hibitors by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme
system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.
10. Proton Pump In- Here is a table of the most commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:
hibitors: Gener- ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump
ic and Brand inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePre-
Names vacidomeprazolePrilosecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex
11. What are Proton Proton pump inhibitors suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen
Pump Inhibitors? of the stomach.
12. PPI Nursing As- Assess for possible contraindications and cautions: history of allergy to a proton
sessment pump inhibitor to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reaction and current status of
