NR507 WEEK 7 QUIZ QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| NEWEST
UPDATE 2025|ALREADY GRADED A+.
Diabetes Type I Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoimmune-
mediated: environmental-genetic factors tiggers cell-mediated
destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Idiopathic or non-immune: Secondary to other disease like pancreatitis.
Autoantigens bind to beta cells and circulate blood and lymph--
>Activation of T helper 1 + 2 lymphocytes-->Macrophages with releases
of IL and TNFa, T cytotoxic cells, B lymphocytes to produce islet cells
autoantibodies-->Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin
secretion.
Diabetes Mellitus type 1 Classic Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Polydipsia,
polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue.
DM chronic complications - CORRECT ANSWER-Neuropathy
,Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Macrovascular Disease
Infection
Commons signs for DM Type I and Type II - CORRECT ANSWER-Polyuria,
polydipsia, fatigue.
DM Causes - CORRECT ANSWER-Type I:
Autoimmune: Environmental-Genetic predisposition
Idiopathic: secondary to other disease (ex. pancreatitis)
Type II:
Genetic Predisposition
Obesity
BOTH: Lack of endogenous insulin
Diabetes Insipidus Kidney Function - CORRECT ANSWER-Nephrgenic DI:
inadequate response of the renal tubules to Anti Diuretic Hormone
(ADH). Acquired or genetic. Gradual onset.
Urine output for DI: 8-12 L/Day.
, DI caused by dysfunction of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Pituitary System
DI Defined - CORRECT ANSWER-The inability to concentrate urine and
the production of copious amounts of dilute urine.
Pancreatic, insulin secreting cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta cells;
endocrine gland.
DM End Result on cellular level - CORRECT ANSWER-Cellular starvation
d/t lack of glucose in cells-->liver stores of glycogen depleted-->use of
fat and protein-->Ketones are byproduct of fat catabolism-->Diabetic
Ketone Acidosis (DKA) due to ketone build up
OR if less severe: Prevention of lysis of fats-->No ketone formation--
>Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK).
polydipsia - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive thirst.
Elevated blood glucose-->water osmotically attracted from cells into
blood-->Intracellular dehydration-->hypothalmic stim. of thirst.
Polyuria - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive urination.
Increased blood glucose=> osmotic diuretic--> amount of glucose
filtered by glomerulus is greater than can be reabsorbed-->glycosuria--
>large amounts of water lost in urine.
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| NEWEST
UPDATE 2025|ALREADY GRADED A+.
Diabetes Type I Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoimmune-
mediated: environmental-genetic factors tiggers cell-mediated
destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Idiopathic or non-immune: Secondary to other disease like pancreatitis.
Autoantigens bind to beta cells and circulate blood and lymph--
>Activation of T helper 1 + 2 lymphocytes-->Macrophages with releases
of IL and TNFa, T cytotoxic cells, B lymphocytes to produce islet cells
autoantibodies-->Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin
secretion.
Diabetes Mellitus type 1 Classic Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Polydipsia,
polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue.
DM chronic complications - CORRECT ANSWER-Neuropathy
,Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Macrovascular Disease
Infection
Commons signs for DM Type I and Type II - CORRECT ANSWER-Polyuria,
polydipsia, fatigue.
DM Causes - CORRECT ANSWER-Type I:
Autoimmune: Environmental-Genetic predisposition
Idiopathic: secondary to other disease (ex. pancreatitis)
Type II:
Genetic Predisposition
Obesity
BOTH: Lack of endogenous insulin
Diabetes Insipidus Kidney Function - CORRECT ANSWER-Nephrgenic DI:
inadequate response of the renal tubules to Anti Diuretic Hormone
(ADH). Acquired or genetic. Gradual onset.
Urine output for DI: 8-12 L/Day.
, DI caused by dysfunction of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Pituitary System
DI Defined - CORRECT ANSWER-The inability to concentrate urine and
the production of copious amounts of dilute urine.
Pancreatic, insulin secreting cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta cells;
endocrine gland.
DM End Result on cellular level - CORRECT ANSWER-Cellular starvation
d/t lack of glucose in cells-->liver stores of glycogen depleted-->use of
fat and protein-->Ketones are byproduct of fat catabolism-->Diabetic
Ketone Acidosis (DKA) due to ketone build up
OR if less severe: Prevention of lysis of fats-->No ketone formation--
>Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK).
polydipsia - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive thirst.
Elevated blood glucose-->water osmotically attracted from cells into
blood-->Intracellular dehydration-->hypothalmic stim. of thirst.
Polyuria - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive urination.
Increased blood glucose=> osmotic diuretic--> amount of glucose
filtered by glomerulus is greater than can be reabsorbed-->glycosuria--
>large amounts of water lost in urine.
