SCIENCE (52)
BIOLOGY
SCIENCE Paper - 3
Aims:
1. To acquire the knowledge of the economic 4. of the significance of life and its importance in
importance of plants and animals. human welfare.
2. To develop an understanding of the 5. To understand the capacities and limitations of
inter-relationship between sustainability and all the biological and economic activities so as to
environmental adaptations. be able to use them for a better quality of life.
3. To develop an understanding of the 6. To acquire the ability to observe, experiment,
interdependence of plants and animals so as to hypothesize, infer, handle equipment accurately
enable pupils to acquire a clearer comprehension and make correct recordings.
CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 2. Flowering Plants
80 marks and Internal Assessment of Practical Work (i) Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower,
carrying 20 marks. functions of various parts.
1. Basic Biology • A brief introduction to complete and
incomplete flowers.
(i) The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic
• Essential and non-essential whorls of a
difference between prokaryotic and
bisexual flower; their various parts and
eukaryotic cell; differences between an
functions.
animal and a plant cell.
• Inflorescence and placentation (meaning
• A basic understanding of the cell theory, only)
structure of plant and animal cell with
functions of various cell organelles. (Charts or actual specimens may be used to
(Protoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Cell help enhance clarity of concepts.)
Membrane, Nucleus, Nucleolus, (ii) Pollination: self and cross-pollination.
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, • Explanation, advantages and
Ribosome, Golgi bodies, Plastids, disadvantages of self and cross-
Lysosomes, Centrosome and Vacuole). pollination.
• Major differences between a prokaryotic • Agents of pollination and the
and eukaryotic cell. characteristic features of flowers
• Differences between a plant cell and an pollinated by various agents such as
animal cell should be mainly discussed insects, wind, and water.
with respect to cell wall, centrosome, • A brief idea as to how nature favours
vacuoles and plastids. cross pollination.
(ii) Fertilisation.
(ii) Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues. • Events taking place between pollination
• A brief understanding of their location, and fertilisation leading to the formation
basic structure and functions with of zygote in the embryo sac.
examples.
• A brief explanation of the terms double
• A brief understanding of their role in fertilization and triple fusion.
different physiological processes in
plants and animals.
119
, • Fruit and Seed - definition and • Agriculture: nitrogen cycle (role of
significance. nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and
denitrifying bacteria)
3. Plant Physiology
(i) Structure of dicot and monocot seeds, • Industry -curing of tea, tanning of
Germination of seeds, types, and conditions leather.
for seed germination. (b) Harmful role of bacteria - spoilage of
food, diseases in plants and animals,
• Structure and germination of Bean seed
bio-weapons.
and Maize grain.
(iii) Economic importance of Fungi.
• Differences between monocot and dicot
seeds. A brief idea of the useful role of Fungi in
breweries, bakeries, cheese processing, and
• Differences between hypogeal and epigeal mushroom cultivation. (Processes of
germination. manufacture are not required).
• Conditions for seed germination - To be 5. Human Anatomy and Physiology
explained and supported by experiments.
(a) Nutrition:
(ii) Respiration in plants: outline of the process,
gaseous exchange. (i) Classes of food; balanced diet.
Malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
• A brief outline of the process mentioning
the terms Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and • Functions of carbohydrates, fats,
their significance. proteins, mineral salts (calcium,
iodine, iron and sodium), vitamins
• A reference to be made to aerobic and and water in proper functioning of
anaerobic respiration with chemical the body.
equations in each case.
• Sources of vitamins, their functions
• Experiments on gaseous exchange and and deficiency diseases.
on heat production.
• Meaning and importance of a
4. Diversity in living organisms ‘Balanced Diet’.
(i) A brief outline of the five Kingdom • Role of cellulose in our diet.
classification.
• Causes, symptoms and prevention of
• Main characteristics of each kingdom Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
with suitable examples:
(ii) The structure of a tooth, different types
- Monera, Protista, Fungi. of teeth.
- Plantae - Thallophyta, Bryophyta,
• Structure of a tooth to be discussed
Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta.
with the help of a diagram.
• Animalia - non-chordates from Porifera
• Functions of different types of teeth.
to Echinodermata and Chordates - all
five Classes. • Dental formula of an adult.
(ii) Economic importance of Bacteria. (iii)Digestive System: Organs, digestive
glands and their functions (including
(a) Useful role of bacteria:
enzymes and their functions in digestion,
• Medicine: antibiotics, serums and absorption and assimilation of digested
vaccines food).
• Organs and glands of the digestive
system and their functions with
120
BIOLOGY
SCIENCE Paper - 3
Aims:
1. To acquire the knowledge of the economic 4. of the significance of life and its importance in
importance of plants and animals. human welfare.
2. To develop an understanding of the 5. To understand the capacities and limitations of
inter-relationship between sustainability and all the biological and economic activities so as to
environmental adaptations. be able to use them for a better quality of life.
3. To develop an understanding of the 6. To acquire the ability to observe, experiment,
interdependence of plants and animals so as to hypothesize, infer, handle equipment accurately
enable pupils to acquire a clearer comprehension and make correct recordings.
CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 2. Flowering Plants
80 marks and Internal Assessment of Practical Work (i) Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower,
carrying 20 marks. functions of various parts.
1. Basic Biology • A brief introduction to complete and
incomplete flowers.
(i) The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic
• Essential and non-essential whorls of a
difference between prokaryotic and
bisexual flower; their various parts and
eukaryotic cell; differences between an
functions.
animal and a plant cell.
• Inflorescence and placentation (meaning
• A basic understanding of the cell theory, only)
structure of plant and animal cell with
functions of various cell organelles. (Charts or actual specimens may be used to
(Protoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Cell help enhance clarity of concepts.)
Membrane, Nucleus, Nucleolus, (ii) Pollination: self and cross-pollination.
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, • Explanation, advantages and
Ribosome, Golgi bodies, Plastids, disadvantages of self and cross-
Lysosomes, Centrosome and Vacuole). pollination.
• Major differences between a prokaryotic • Agents of pollination and the
and eukaryotic cell. characteristic features of flowers
• Differences between a plant cell and an pollinated by various agents such as
animal cell should be mainly discussed insects, wind, and water.
with respect to cell wall, centrosome, • A brief idea as to how nature favours
vacuoles and plastids. cross pollination.
(ii) Fertilisation.
(ii) Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues. • Events taking place between pollination
• A brief understanding of their location, and fertilisation leading to the formation
basic structure and functions with of zygote in the embryo sac.
examples.
• A brief explanation of the terms double
• A brief understanding of their role in fertilization and triple fusion.
different physiological processes in
plants and animals.
119
, • Fruit and Seed - definition and • Agriculture: nitrogen cycle (role of
significance. nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and
denitrifying bacteria)
3. Plant Physiology
(i) Structure of dicot and monocot seeds, • Industry -curing of tea, tanning of
Germination of seeds, types, and conditions leather.
for seed germination. (b) Harmful role of bacteria - spoilage of
food, diseases in plants and animals,
• Structure and germination of Bean seed
bio-weapons.
and Maize grain.
(iii) Economic importance of Fungi.
• Differences between monocot and dicot
seeds. A brief idea of the useful role of Fungi in
breweries, bakeries, cheese processing, and
• Differences between hypogeal and epigeal mushroom cultivation. (Processes of
germination. manufacture are not required).
• Conditions for seed germination - To be 5. Human Anatomy and Physiology
explained and supported by experiments.
(a) Nutrition:
(ii) Respiration in plants: outline of the process,
gaseous exchange. (i) Classes of food; balanced diet.
Malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
• A brief outline of the process mentioning
the terms Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and • Functions of carbohydrates, fats,
their significance. proteins, mineral salts (calcium,
iodine, iron and sodium), vitamins
• A reference to be made to aerobic and and water in proper functioning of
anaerobic respiration with chemical the body.
equations in each case.
• Sources of vitamins, their functions
• Experiments on gaseous exchange and and deficiency diseases.
on heat production.
• Meaning and importance of a
4. Diversity in living organisms ‘Balanced Diet’.
(i) A brief outline of the five Kingdom • Role of cellulose in our diet.
classification.
• Causes, symptoms and prevention of
• Main characteristics of each kingdom Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
with suitable examples:
(ii) The structure of a tooth, different types
- Monera, Protista, Fungi. of teeth.
- Plantae - Thallophyta, Bryophyta,
• Structure of a tooth to be discussed
Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta.
with the help of a diagram.
• Animalia - non-chordates from Porifera
• Functions of different types of teeth.
to Echinodermata and Chordates - all
five Classes. • Dental formula of an adult.
(ii) Economic importance of Bacteria. (iii)Digestive System: Organs, digestive
glands and their functions (including
(a) Useful role of bacteria:
enzymes and their functions in digestion,
• Medicine: antibiotics, serums and absorption and assimilation of digested
vaccines food).
• Organs and glands of the digestive
system and their functions with
120
