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UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5355 EXAM 3 2025 BRAND NEW ACTUAL
EXAM WITH ANSWERS.
Macrovascular complications of DM - correct answer -damage to
larger vessels includes CAD, peripheral/cerebral vascular.
Increased risk of MI/HTN/CVA d/t atherosclerosis and occlusion.
Poor wound healing can lead to amputation. Decreased blood
flow to peripheral extremities
Patho of Microvascular complications - correct answer -results
from thickening of basement membrane caused by accumulation
of glucose, occlusion of vessel . Hypoxia/Ischemia accompany
this disease process.
Diabetic Retinopathy - correct answer -characterized by
thickening of the retinal capillary basement membrane, increased
permeability, micro aneurysm formation in small blood vessels,
superficial/deep hemorrhages may lead to infarction
Diabetic Nephropathy - correct answer -glomerular enlargement
with membrane thickening results in glomerular sclerosis. Early
diagnoses and control of HTN/glucose are key to outcome
, Page | 2
Diabetic Neuropathy - correct answer -metabolic and vascular
factors related to chronic hyperglycemia with inflammation,
ischemia, oxidative stress, nerve degeneration and demyelination
and delayed conduction
Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer -associated with central
obesity, hypertension and elevated triglycerides eventually
leading to Type II DM
Criteria for Diagnoses of Metabolic Syndrome: - correct answer -
Three of the following:
-Central/Abdominal Obesity >40M, >35 F
-Triglyceride level of 150 or greater
-HDL level less than 40 M, 50 F
-Blood pressure pf 130/85 of greater
-Fasting hyperglycemia of 100 or greater, or pmh of impaired
glucose tolerance
Complications of Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer -ischemic
heart disease d/t CAD or atherosclerosis, CVA
, Page | 3
Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patho - correct answer -autoimmune
disease caused by circulating antibodies and infiltration of
lymphocytes that cause destruction of thyroid tissue. Infection or
other trigger may initiate process. Usually starts with thyroid
enlargement with hyperparathyroidism, years later begins to
atrophy with hypothyroid state
Thyrotoxicosis - correct answer -condition caused by excessive
thyroid hormones, increased metabolic rate, heat intolerance
Hyperparathyroid Conditions - correct answer -Graves Disease,
Thyrotoxic Crisis, Goiter
Hyperparathyroid Labs - correct answer -elevated T4 + T3,
decreased TSH
Graves Disease - correct answer -Most common type of
hyperthyroidism, autoimmune condition- Type 2 hypersensitivity.
Infiltration of lymphocytes and stimulation of thyroid by
antibody/TSH receptors
, Page | 4
S/sx of Grave's Disease - correct answer -thyromegaly, possible
bruit heard, amenorrhea, weight loos, N/V, heat intolerance,
exophthalmos edema, tachy, SOB
Thyrotoxic Crisis or Thyroid Storm - correct answer -rare deadly
disorder with severe hyperparathyroidism. . Caused by excessive
release of T3 and T4
Addison's Disease Patho - correct answer -caused by
hypocortisolism which is a primary adrenal insufficiency where the
adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones; ACTH
would be elevated, and Cortisol would be low.
Cushing Syndrome - correct answer -caused by hypercortisolism
which is most caused by an ACTH secreting pituitary tumor
(which would be a secondary hypercortisolism), but can be
caused by an adrenal adenoma that secretes too much cortisol
(primary hypercortisolism)- hhyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
(moon face)
UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5355 EXAM 3 2025 BRAND NEW ACTUAL
EXAM WITH ANSWERS.
Macrovascular complications of DM - correct answer -damage to
larger vessels includes CAD, peripheral/cerebral vascular.
Increased risk of MI/HTN/CVA d/t atherosclerosis and occlusion.
Poor wound healing can lead to amputation. Decreased blood
flow to peripheral extremities
Patho of Microvascular complications - correct answer -results
from thickening of basement membrane caused by accumulation
of glucose, occlusion of vessel . Hypoxia/Ischemia accompany
this disease process.
Diabetic Retinopathy - correct answer -characterized by
thickening of the retinal capillary basement membrane, increased
permeability, micro aneurysm formation in small blood vessels,
superficial/deep hemorrhages may lead to infarction
Diabetic Nephropathy - correct answer -glomerular enlargement
with membrane thickening results in glomerular sclerosis. Early
diagnoses and control of HTN/glucose are key to outcome
, Page | 2
Diabetic Neuropathy - correct answer -metabolic and vascular
factors related to chronic hyperglycemia with inflammation,
ischemia, oxidative stress, nerve degeneration and demyelination
and delayed conduction
Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer -associated with central
obesity, hypertension and elevated triglycerides eventually
leading to Type II DM
Criteria for Diagnoses of Metabolic Syndrome: - correct answer -
Three of the following:
-Central/Abdominal Obesity >40M, >35 F
-Triglyceride level of 150 or greater
-HDL level less than 40 M, 50 F
-Blood pressure pf 130/85 of greater
-Fasting hyperglycemia of 100 or greater, or pmh of impaired
glucose tolerance
Complications of Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer -ischemic
heart disease d/t CAD or atherosclerosis, CVA
, Page | 3
Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patho - correct answer -autoimmune
disease caused by circulating antibodies and infiltration of
lymphocytes that cause destruction of thyroid tissue. Infection or
other trigger may initiate process. Usually starts with thyroid
enlargement with hyperparathyroidism, years later begins to
atrophy with hypothyroid state
Thyrotoxicosis - correct answer -condition caused by excessive
thyroid hormones, increased metabolic rate, heat intolerance
Hyperparathyroid Conditions - correct answer -Graves Disease,
Thyrotoxic Crisis, Goiter
Hyperparathyroid Labs - correct answer -elevated T4 + T3,
decreased TSH
Graves Disease - correct answer -Most common type of
hyperthyroidism, autoimmune condition- Type 2 hypersensitivity.
Infiltration of lymphocytes and stimulation of thyroid by
antibody/TSH receptors
, Page | 4
S/sx of Grave's Disease - correct answer -thyromegaly, possible
bruit heard, amenorrhea, weight loos, N/V, heat intolerance,
exophthalmos edema, tachy, SOB
Thyrotoxic Crisis or Thyroid Storm - correct answer -rare deadly
disorder with severe hyperparathyroidism. . Caused by excessive
release of T3 and T4
Addison's Disease Patho - correct answer -caused by
hypocortisolism which is a primary adrenal insufficiency where the
adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones; ACTH
would be elevated, and Cortisol would be low.
Cushing Syndrome - correct answer -caused by hypercortisolism
which is most caused by an ACTH secreting pituitary tumor
(which would be a secondary hypercortisolism), but can be
caused by an adrenal adenoma that secretes too much cortisol
(primary hypercortisolism)- hhyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
(moon face)
