WCU PATHO 370 MIDTERM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Tertiary Prevention Examples - Answers -Counseling on medication; rehabilitation;
supportive care; reducing disability
Latent Period - Answers -time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first
appearance of signs and/or symptoms
Endemic - Answers -Native to local region
Subclinical Disease - Answers -no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
Etiology - Answers -cause of disease
Idiopathic - Answers -unknown cause
latrogenic - Answers -Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
Primary prevention - Answers -altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible persons ex: vaccinations
Allostasis - Answers -process by which the body achieves stability through
homeostatis
Selye's 3 Phases of Stress - Answers -Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustian
sympathetic nervous system: Norepinephrine - Answers -causes vasoconstriction &
increases BP; Reduces gastric secretions; increases night and far vision
sympathetic nervous system: epinephrine - Answers -enhances myocardial
contractility; increases HR & CO; causes bronchiodilation; increases glucose release
from liver
Hormones released during the stress response - Answers -Cortisol
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Endorphines
Oxytocin
RAA pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone)
Types of intracellular accumulation - Answers --Excessive amounts of normal
intracellular substance
-Abnormal substances from faulty matabolism synthesis
, -particles that the cell is unable to degrade
Cellular adaptation types - Answers --Atrophy: Decrease cell size
-Hypertrophy: increase cell size
-Hyperplasia: increase cell number
-Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another
-Dysplasia: disorderly growth
Coagulative necrosis - Answers -this process begins with ischemia, ends with
degradation of plasma membrane (heart)
Liquefactive necrosis - Answers -liquification of lysosomal enzymes, formation of
abscess or cyst from dissolved dead tissue (brain)
Fat necrosis - Answers -death of adipose tissue, appears as chalk white area ,usually
due to trauma or pancreatitis (pancreas)
Caseous Necrosis - Answers -characteristic of lung damage secondary to tuberculosis
(bacterial infection; resembles clumpy cheese (lung)
Apoptosis - Answers -programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy - Answers -anemia
nausea
bleeding
infections
-oma - Answers -tumor
carcinoma - Answers -cancerous tumor (begins in kin or tissue that lines or covers
body organs)
sarcoma - Answers -malignant tumor (begins in bone or in soft tissue of the body)
staging - Answers -the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the
disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis (stage 0 to 4)
grading - Answers -a way to classify cancer cells & is done by a pathologist
Degree of malignancy & differentiation
Low Grade (Grade I, II)
High Grade (Grade III, IV)
Deficits in immune system function in cancer - Answers -chemotherapy
cancer cells
Tertiary Prevention Examples - Answers -Counseling on medication; rehabilitation;
supportive care; reducing disability
Latent Period - Answers -time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first
appearance of signs and/or symptoms
Endemic - Answers -Native to local region
Subclinical Disease - Answers -no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
Etiology - Answers -cause of disease
Idiopathic - Answers -unknown cause
latrogenic - Answers -Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
Primary prevention - Answers -altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible persons ex: vaccinations
Allostasis - Answers -process by which the body achieves stability through
homeostatis
Selye's 3 Phases of Stress - Answers -Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustian
sympathetic nervous system: Norepinephrine - Answers -causes vasoconstriction &
increases BP; Reduces gastric secretions; increases night and far vision
sympathetic nervous system: epinephrine - Answers -enhances myocardial
contractility; increases HR & CO; causes bronchiodilation; increases glucose release
from liver
Hormones released during the stress response - Answers -Cortisol
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Endorphines
Oxytocin
RAA pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone)
Types of intracellular accumulation - Answers --Excessive amounts of normal
intracellular substance
-Abnormal substances from faulty matabolism synthesis
, -particles that the cell is unable to degrade
Cellular adaptation types - Answers --Atrophy: Decrease cell size
-Hypertrophy: increase cell size
-Hyperplasia: increase cell number
-Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another
-Dysplasia: disorderly growth
Coagulative necrosis - Answers -this process begins with ischemia, ends with
degradation of plasma membrane (heart)
Liquefactive necrosis - Answers -liquification of lysosomal enzymes, formation of
abscess or cyst from dissolved dead tissue (brain)
Fat necrosis - Answers -death of adipose tissue, appears as chalk white area ,usually
due to trauma or pancreatitis (pancreas)
Caseous Necrosis - Answers -characteristic of lung damage secondary to tuberculosis
(bacterial infection; resembles clumpy cheese (lung)
Apoptosis - Answers -programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy - Answers -anemia
nausea
bleeding
infections
-oma - Answers -tumor
carcinoma - Answers -cancerous tumor (begins in kin or tissue that lines or covers
body organs)
sarcoma - Answers -malignant tumor (begins in bone or in soft tissue of the body)
staging - Answers -the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the
disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis (stage 0 to 4)
grading - Answers -a way to classify cancer cells & is done by a pathologist
Degree of malignancy & differentiation
Low Grade (Grade I, II)
High Grade (Grade III, IV)
Deficits in immune system function in cancer - Answers -chemotherapy
cancer cells
