Praxis 5383 2025
Specific Learning Disability (SLD) - answerthe umbrella term for children who struggle
with issues in their abilities to read, write, speak, listen, reason, or do math.
Other Health Impairment (OHI) - answerthe umbrella term for a disability that limits a
child's strength, energy, or alertness.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - answera disability that mostly affects a child's social
and communication skills, and sometimes behavior.
Emotional Disturbance (ED) - answera disability category for a number of mental
disorders.
Speech or Language Impairment - answera communication disorder such as stuttering,
impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely
affects a child's educational performance
physical disability - answerany disability that limits gross mobility and prevents normal
body movement.
muscular dystrophy - answera physical disability that weakens the muscles of the
human body over time.
dyslexia - answera permanent condition that makes it difficult for people to read.
areas of difficulty with dyslexia - answerreading accuracy, fluency, comprehension,
writing, mathematics, spelling, phonemic awareness, and decoding
dysgraphia - answera disorder that causes issues with writing; holding pencils and
writing letters accurately.
areas of difficulty with dysgraphia - answerdistinguish shapes, use correct letter
spacing, read maps, copy text, and understand spelling rules
receptive language - answerstudents cannot perceive meaning from what they hear;
have issues with verbal directions or responding to questions
intellectual disabilities - answerhaving significant cognitive deficits to intellectual
functioning, such as reasoning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, and comprehension
multiple disabilities - answerindicates two or more disabilities occurring simultaneously
(supported under IDEA)
, Low Incidence Disabilities - answeraccount for up to 20% of all students' disabilities (ID,
MD, hearing impairments, autism, TBI)
High Incidence Disabilities - answeraccount for up to 80% of all students' disabilities
(have deficits in reading, math, writing, handwriting, or maintaining attention)
sensory processing disorders - answera deficit with handling sensory information
interpreted by the brain; the brain receptors are blocked, resulting in abnormal reaction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - answermay demonstrate hyperactivity,
inattention, and impulsivity
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) - answerdemonstrate inattention and impulsivity, but
not hyperactivity
adaptive behavior skills - answerrefer to age-appropriate behaviors that people need to
live independently and function in daily life; self-care skills, following rules, managing
time and money, etc
conceptual skills - answerinclude academic concepts, such as reading, math, money,
time, and communication skills
social skills - answerfocuses on teaching students to get along with others,
communicate appropriately, and maintain appropriate behavior inside and outside
school environment.
adaptive behavior assessments - answeruseful in assessing what adaptive behavior
skills need to be addressed for each student; observations and questionnaires
completed by parents, teachers, or students.
mild to moderate intellectual disability - answerthe most common type of intellectual
disability; can generally participate in independent living skills and learn practical life
skills and adaptive behavior
severe intellectual disabilities - answerdemonstrate major developmental delays;
struggle with simple routines and self-care skills, often understand speech but have
trouble with expressive communication
profound intellectual disabilities - answercannot live independently and depend heavily
on care from other people and resources
social cognitive learning theory - answerAlbert Bandura; four stages or processes of
observational learning: attention, retention, production, and motivation
Specific Learning Disability (SLD) - answerthe umbrella term for children who struggle
with issues in their abilities to read, write, speak, listen, reason, or do math.
Other Health Impairment (OHI) - answerthe umbrella term for a disability that limits a
child's strength, energy, or alertness.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - answera disability that mostly affects a child's social
and communication skills, and sometimes behavior.
Emotional Disturbance (ED) - answera disability category for a number of mental
disorders.
Speech or Language Impairment - answera communication disorder such as stuttering,
impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely
affects a child's educational performance
physical disability - answerany disability that limits gross mobility and prevents normal
body movement.
muscular dystrophy - answera physical disability that weakens the muscles of the
human body over time.
dyslexia - answera permanent condition that makes it difficult for people to read.
areas of difficulty with dyslexia - answerreading accuracy, fluency, comprehension,
writing, mathematics, spelling, phonemic awareness, and decoding
dysgraphia - answera disorder that causes issues with writing; holding pencils and
writing letters accurately.
areas of difficulty with dysgraphia - answerdistinguish shapes, use correct letter
spacing, read maps, copy text, and understand spelling rules
receptive language - answerstudents cannot perceive meaning from what they hear;
have issues with verbal directions or responding to questions
intellectual disabilities - answerhaving significant cognitive deficits to intellectual
functioning, such as reasoning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, and comprehension
multiple disabilities - answerindicates two or more disabilities occurring simultaneously
(supported under IDEA)
, Low Incidence Disabilities - answeraccount for up to 20% of all students' disabilities (ID,
MD, hearing impairments, autism, TBI)
High Incidence Disabilities - answeraccount for up to 80% of all students' disabilities
(have deficits in reading, math, writing, handwriting, or maintaining attention)
sensory processing disorders - answera deficit with handling sensory information
interpreted by the brain; the brain receptors are blocked, resulting in abnormal reaction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - answermay demonstrate hyperactivity,
inattention, and impulsivity
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) - answerdemonstrate inattention and impulsivity, but
not hyperactivity
adaptive behavior skills - answerrefer to age-appropriate behaviors that people need to
live independently and function in daily life; self-care skills, following rules, managing
time and money, etc
conceptual skills - answerinclude academic concepts, such as reading, math, money,
time, and communication skills
social skills - answerfocuses on teaching students to get along with others,
communicate appropriately, and maintain appropriate behavior inside and outside
school environment.
adaptive behavior assessments - answeruseful in assessing what adaptive behavior
skills need to be addressed for each student; observations and questionnaires
completed by parents, teachers, or students.
mild to moderate intellectual disability - answerthe most common type of intellectual
disability; can generally participate in independent living skills and learn practical life
skills and adaptive behavior
severe intellectual disabilities - answerdemonstrate major developmental delays;
struggle with simple routines and self-care skills, often understand speech but have
trouble with expressive communication
profound intellectual disabilities - answercannot live independently and depend heavily
on care from other people and resources
social cognitive learning theory - answerAlbert Bandura; four stages or processes of
observational learning: attention, retention, production, and motivation
