Praxis 5383 Teaching Students with
Learning Disabilities - Practice Test
Questions
c. Cognitive deficits affect learning in these as well as academic domains
Why: Studying emotional and social development in students with LD is most relevant
because cognitive deficits affect learning in emotional and social domains as well as
academic domains. Difficulties in cognitive processing can interfere with all kinds of
learning. Emotional or social difficulties are not automatically caused by stigma, and
having an LD need not automatically stigmatize a student. Understanding emotional and
social development is part of understanding the whole person, but it is not true that LD
does not affect these developmental areas. Emotional and social deficits are not
implicated in causing LDs. - answer What makes the study of emotional and social
development in students with LD relevant?
a. Emotional and social deficits are implicated in causing or exacerbating a learning
disability
b. They are part of a whole person even though LDs do not affect them
c. Cognitive deficits affect learning in these as well as academic domains
d. The stigma of an LD automatically causes emotional and social difficulties
d. Increases with age
Why: Research has found that in elementary school-age children, working memory
increases with age. In the age group of 7 to 13 years, working memory is found to
improve significantly as children get older. - answerResearch has found that in
elementary school age children, working memory:
a. Stays stable with age
b. Decreases with age
c. Fluctuates over time
d. Increases with age
d. Scored lower on working memory tasks with sentences and counting
Why: Researchers have found that students with RDs scored lower than normal
achievers on tasks that tested their working memories with respect to both sentences
and counting. - answerResearchers have found that students with reading disabilities
(RD):
a. Scored lower on working memory tasks that required just counting
b. Scored equally on working memory tasks as normal achievers scored
c. Scored lower on working memory tasks that involved sentences only
d. Scored lower on working memory tasks with sentences and counting
c. Have working memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only
, Why: Researchers have found that students with arithmetic disabilities have working
memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only. -
answerResearchers have found that students with arithmetic disabilities:
a. Have the same general working memory deficits as students with reading disabilities
b. Have specific deficits in numerical processing, but these are not for working memory
c. Have working memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only
d. Have specific deficits in working memory for processing both numbers and language
c. Students with ADD performed most comparably with the NA students
Why: Researchers found that when comparing working memory in students with ADD to
that in students with RDs, with ARITHD, and in NA students, the ADD students
performed most like the NA students tested. They thus concluded that working memory
may not depend significantly on attentional factors. - answerWhen researchers
compared elementary school students with attention deficit disorder (ADD) to students
with reading disabilities (RD), arithmetic disabilities (ARITHD), and normal achievers
(NA) on working memory measures, they found that:
a. Students with ADD performed most similarly to students with ARITHD
b. Students with ADD performed most comparably to students with RD
c. Students with ADD performed most comparably with the NA students
d. Students with ADD performed differently from all these other groups
a. All of these are found to be related to dyslexia
Why: Current (November/December 2010) neurobiological research finds that dyslexia
is related to all of these: malformations in certain structures of the brain responsible for
processes involved in reading, abnormal functioning of these structures when reading,
and genes that affect structure and function in the brain. These genes affect the
formation of neurons (nerve cells), their axons (extensions that send signals to other
neurons' dendrites), the hippocampus (the structure in the cerebral cortex that is central
to forming memories and learning), and the neocortex (which makes up the majority of
the cerebrum and is linked with higher intelligence). When most of these genes lose
function, this causes malformations in these brain structures and also their abnormal
functioning. - answerCurrent neurobiological research finds that dyslexia is related to
a. All of these are found to be related to dyslexia
b. Genes affecting structure and function in the brain
c. Abnormal functioning of structures in the brain
d. Malformations in certain structures in the brain
a. With phonological processing
Why: The central problem in RD or dyslexia is thought to be phonological processing.
While reading printed or written language involves processing visual stimuli as well,
language is commonly learned through hearing (exclusive of deaf learners, whose lack
of usual auditory basis for language learning explains their reading challenges). Thus
researchers believe that phonological processing deficits to be more central to dyslexic
difficulties than both aural and visual systems for cognitive processing or an unknown
variable. - answerThe central problem in reading disability (RD) or dyslexia is thought to
be:
Learning Disabilities - Practice Test
Questions
c. Cognitive deficits affect learning in these as well as academic domains
Why: Studying emotional and social development in students with LD is most relevant
because cognitive deficits affect learning in emotional and social domains as well as
academic domains. Difficulties in cognitive processing can interfere with all kinds of
learning. Emotional or social difficulties are not automatically caused by stigma, and
having an LD need not automatically stigmatize a student. Understanding emotional and
social development is part of understanding the whole person, but it is not true that LD
does not affect these developmental areas. Emotional and social deficits are not
implicated in causing LDs. - answer What makes the study of emotional and social
development in students with LD relevant?
a. Emotional and social deficits are implicated in causing or exacerbating a learning
disability
b. They are part of a whole person even though LDs do not affect them
c. Cognitive deficits affect learning in these as well as academic domains
d. The stigma of an LD automatically causes emotional and social difficulties
d. Increases with age
Why: Research has found that in elementary school-age children, working memory
increases with age. In the age group of 7 to 13 years, working memory is found to
improve significantly as children get older. - answerResearch has found that in
elementary school age children, working memory:
a. Stays stable with age
b. Decreases with age
c. Fluctuates over time
d. Increases with age
d. Scored lower on working memory tasks with sentences and counting
Why: Researchers have found that students with RDs scored lower than normal
achievers on tasks that tested their working memories with respect to both sentences
and counting. - answerResearchers have found that students with reading disabilities
(RD):
a. Scored lower on working memory tasks that required just counting
b. Scored equally on working memory tasks as normal achievers scored
c. Scored lower on working memory tasks that involved sentences only
d. Scored lower on working memory tasks with sentences and counting
c. Have working memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only
, Why: Researchers have found that students with arithmetic disabilities have working
memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only. -
answerResearchers have found that students with arithmetic disabilities:
a. Have the same general working memory deficits as students with reading disabilities
b. Have specific deficits in numerical processing, but these are not for working memory
c. Have working memory deficits specifically for processing numerical information only
d. Have specific deficits in working memory for processing both numbers and language
c. Students with ADD performed most comparably with the NA students
Why: Researchers found that when comparing working memory in students with ADD to
that in students with RDs, with ARITHD, and in NA students, the ADD students
performed most like the NA students tested. They thus concluded that working memory
may not depend significantly on attentional factors. - answerWhen researchers
compared elementary school students with attention deficit disorder (ADD) to students
with reading disabilities (RD), arithmetic disabilities (ARITHD), and normal achievers
(NA) on working memory measures, they found that:
a. Students with ADD performed most similarly to students with ARITHD
b. Students with ADD performed most comparably to students with RD
c. Students with ADD performed most comparably with the NA students
d. Students with ADD performed differently from all these other groups
a. All of these are found to be related to dyslexia
Why: Current (November/December 2010) neurobiological research finds that dyslexia
is related to all of these: malformations in certain structures of the brain responsible for
processes involved in reading, abnormal functioning of these structures when reading,
and genes that affect structure and function in the brain. These genes affect the
formation of neurons (nerve cells), their axons (extensions that send signals to other
neurons' dendrites), the hippocampus (the structure in the cerebral cortex that is central
to forming memories and learning), and the neocortex (which makes up the majority of
the cerebrum and is linked with higher intelligence). When most of these genes lose
function, this causes malformations in these brain structures and also their abnormal
functioning. - answerCurrent neurobiological research finds that dyslexia is related to
a. All of these are found to be related to dyslexia
b. Genes affecting structure and function in the brain
c. Abnormal functioning of structures in the brain
d. Malformations in certain structures in the brain
a. With phonological processing
Why: The central problem in RD or dyslexia is thought to be phonological processing.
While reading printed or written language involves processing visual stimuli as well,
language is commonly learned through hearing (exclusive of deaf learners, whose lack
of usual auditory basis for language learning explains their reading challenges). Thus
researchers believe that phonological processing deficits to be more central to dyslexic
difficulties than both aural and visual systems for cognitive processing or an unknown
variable. - answerThe central problem in reading disability (RD) or dyslexia is thought to
be:
