ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
ARDMS FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the incidence of Ebstein's anomaly? - 1%
What chromosomal anomalies are associated with Ebstein's? - Trisomy 13, 18, and 21
What arrhythmia is associated with Ebstein's anomaly? - SVT
What other 2 things are commonly associated with Ebstein's? - Cardiomegaly and
hydrops
What other cardiac anomalies are frequently seen with Ebstein's? - ASD, PS/PA, VSD,
TOF, subaortic AS, COA
What is the typical cardiac position in Ebstein's anomaly? - Severe levocardia
What is the best echo view to diagnose Ebstein's? - 4 Chamber view
What leaflet of the tricupisd valve is described as "sail like" with Ebstein's anomaly? -
The anterior leaflet
What maternal drug has been associated with Ebstein's anomaly? - Lithium
What value is an increased CT ratio? - >0.45
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
,ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
What rate is persistent fetal tachycardia? - >180 bpm
What rate is persistent fetal bradycardia? - <120 bpm
When is a fetal echocardiogram commonly performed? - 18-22 weeks gestational age
What is a normal fetal heart rate? - 120-180 bpm
What should the equipment settings be for the equipment for a fetal echo? - High color
PRF and Doppler, low persistance
temporal resolution - ability to accurately locate moving structures at any particular
instant in time
What are the factors that affect temporal resolution? - frequency, depth and focus, sector
angle, zoom magnification
The chromosome abnormality that carries the highest risk of an associated cardiac defect
is: - Edwards Syndrome
A normal E/A ratio of the mitral or tricuspid valve in the fetus is: - <1
The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal infection is: -
cardiomyopathy
The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal lupus
erythematosus is: - complete heart block
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
, ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
Most congenital diaphragmatic hernias are of which type? - Bochdalek
On ultrasonography, a type III cystic adenomatoid malformation will appear: -
hyperechoic
bronchopulmonary sequestration can be confirmed with ultrasonography by identifying
a(n): - anomalous feeding artery
Patau Syndrome - Trisomy 13
Edwards syndrome - Trisomy 18
What percentage of isolated atrial septal defects will close spontaneously after birth? -
60%
What type of ASD is caused by excessive resorption of the septum primum? - ostium
secundum
AVSD associated with complete heart block are most commonly associated with: -
asplenia
Which maternal condition has a strong association with AVSD? - Diabetes
If a woman has a history of an AVSD, her offspring has a ___ percent change of having
an AVSD - 14%
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
ARDMS FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the incidence of Ebstein's anomaly? - 1%
What chromosomal anomalies are associated with Ebstein's? - Trisomy 13, 18, and 21
What arrhythmia is associated with Ebstein's anomaly? - SVT
What other 2 things are commonly associated with Ebstein's? - Cardiomegaly and
hydrops
What other cardiac anomalies are frequently seen with Ebstein's? - ASD, PS/PA, VSD,
TOF, subaortic AS, COA
What is the typical cardiac position in Ebstein's anomaly? - Severe levocardia
What is the best echo view to diagnose Ebstein's? - 4 Chamber view
What leaflet of the tricupisd valve is described as "sail like" with Ebstein's anomaly? -
The anterior leaflet
What maternal drug has been associated with Ebstein's anomaly? - Lithium
What value is an increased CT ratio? - >0.45
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
,ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
What rate is persistent fetal tachycardia? - >180 bpm
What rate is persistent fetal bradycardia? - <120 bpm
When is a fetal echocardiogram commonly performed? - 18-22 weeks gestational age
What is a normal fetal heart rate? - 120-180 bpm
What should the equipment settings be for the equipment for a fetal echo? - High color
PRF and Doppler, low persistance
temporal resolution - ability to accurately locate moving structures at any particular
instant in time
What are the factors that affect temporal resolution? - frequency, depth and focus, sector
angle, zoom magnification
The chromosome abnormality that carries the highest risk of an associated cardiac defect
is: - Edwards Syndrome
A normal E/A ratio of the mitral or tricuspid valve in the fetus is: - <1
The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal infection is: -
cardiomyopathy
The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal lupus
erythematosus is: - complete heart block
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
, ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
Most congenital diaphragmatic hernias are of which type? - Bochdalek
On ultrasonography, a type III cystic adenomatoid malformation will appear: -
hyperechoic
bronchopulmonary sequestration can be confirmed with ultrasonography by identifying
a(n): - anomalous feeding artery
Patau Syndrome - Trisomy 13
Edwards syndrome - Trisomy 18
What percentage of isolated atrial septal defects will close spontaneously after birth? -
60%
What type of ASD is caused by excessive resorption of the septum primum? - ostium
secundum
AVSD associated with complete heart block are most commonly associated with: -
asplenia
Which maternal condition has a strong association with AVSD? - Diabetes
If a woman has a history of an AVSD, her offspring has a ___ percent change of having
an AVSD - 14%
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
