Accounting, 3e Canadian Burnley
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, CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL REPORTING
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define financial accounting and understand its relationship to economic decision-
making.
Financial accounting is the process by which information on the transactions of an
organization is captured, analyzed, and reported to external decision makers.
These decision makers are referred to as financial statement users and include investors
and creditors.
The primary purpose of financial accounting information is to aid these users in making
economic decisions related to the reporting organization, such as whether to invest in it
or lend it money.
2. Identify the main users of financial accounting information and explain how they use
this information.
The main users of financial accounting information include shareholders, the board of
directors, potential investors, creditors (bankers and suppliers), regulators (stock
exchanges), taxing authorities (governments), securities analysts, and others.
Shareholders, the board of directors, and potential investors will use financial accounting
information to enable them to assess how well management has run the company;
determine whether they should buy, sell, or continue to hold shares in the company;
assess the company’s share price relative to the financial accounting information; and so
on.
Creditors will use financial accounting information to determine whether they should lend
funds to the company, establish credit terms for it, assess a company’s ability to meets
its obligations, and so on.
Regulators will use financial accounting information to determine whether a company
has met its listing requirements.
Taxing authorities will use this information in assessing the taxes owed by the
organization.
3. Describe the major forms of business organization and explain the key distinctions
between each form.
There are three major forms of business organization: (1) proprietorships, (2)
partnerships, and (3) corporations.
There are public corporations (whose shares trade on a public stock exchange and are
widely held) and private corporations (whose shares do not trade on a public exchange
and are generally owned by a small number of people).
Corporations are separate legal entities, whereas proprietorships and partnerships are
not. This means the personal assets of owners are protected in the event of legal action
against corporations, whereas they are at risk in the case of proprietorships and
partnerships. It also means corporations file separate tax returns, whereas the income
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-2 Test Bank for Understanding Financial Accounting, Third Canadian Edition
from proprietorships and partnerships is reported on the personal tax returns of their
owners.
4. Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
The three categories of business activities are: (1) operating, (2) investing, and (3)
financing activities.
Operating activities are related to the company’s revenues and expenses, such as sales
to customers, collections from customers, purchases of inventory, and payments of
wages and other expenses.
Investing activities include buying and selling property, plant, and equipment and buying
and selling the shares of other companies.
Financing activities include borrowing money, issuing shares, repaying loan principal,
and paying dividends.
5. Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic financial
statements and the notes to the financial statements.
There are four basic financial statements: (1) the statement of income, (2) the statement
of changes in equity, (3) the statement of financial position, and (4) the statement of
cash flows.
The objective of the statement of income is to measure the company’s operating
performance (its profit) for a period of time. This is measured by subtracting the
expenses incurred during the period from the income earned (revenues) in the same
period.
The objective of the statement of changes in equity is to provide details on how each
component of shareholders’ equity changed during the period. The components of
shareholders’ equity include share capital (the shares issued by the company) and
retained earnings (the company’s earnings that have been kept and not distributed as
dividends).
The objective of the statement of financial position is to present information on a
company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity at a specific date. Assets must be
controlled by the company and embody a future benefit. Examples include cash;
accounts receivable; inventory; property, plant, and equipment; land; and so on.
Liabilities are obligations of a company that will result in an outflow of resources.
Examples include accounts payable, deferred revenue, long-term debt, and so on.
Shareholders’ equity represents the shareholders’ interest in the assets of the company
and is referred to as net assets. Examples include common shares and retained
earnings.
The objective of the statement of cash flows is to enable financial statement users to
assess the company’s inflows and outflows of cash related to its operating, investing,
and financial activities for a period of time.
The notes to a company’s financial statements are used to provide additional detail and
context for items in the financial statements. They enable the financial statements
themselves to remain uncluttered, while increasing their usefulness.
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Overview of Corporate Financial Reporting
1-3
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. Decision makers are often referred to as users of the financial statements and include
investors and creditors.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Define financial accounting and understand its relationship to economic
decision-making.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
2. The primary purpose of financial accounting information is to aid users in their economic
decision-making relative to the organization.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Define financial accounting and understand its relationship to economic
decision-making.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
3. The section of an annual report that contains management’s discussion of the company’s
operating results is referred to as the Statement of Management’s Responsibility.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Define financial accounting and understand its relationship to economic
decision-making.
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
4. The shareholders are an example of an internal user of annual report information.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-4 Test Bank for Understanding Financial Accounting, Third Canadian Edition
Learning Objective: Identify the main users of financial accounting information and explain how
they use this information.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
5. Information contained in the financial statements of a company is of use to both internal and
external users.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify the main users of financial accounting information and explain how
they use this information.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
6. There may be a single shareholder in the case of a public company or many shareholders in
the case of a private company.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify the main users of financial accounting information and explain how
they use this information.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
7. A firm's activities can be divided into borrowing, investing, and operating.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
8. If an investor owns 10% of the shares of a company, they normally own 10 shares of the
company.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Overview of Corporate Financial Reporting
1-5
Learning Objective: Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
9. Dividends are payments made by the company to distribute future profits.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
10. A gain or increase in the value of shares is known as capital appreciation.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
11. Creditors are entities that lend money to a company rather than buying shares of a
company.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the three categories of business activities and identify examples of
transactions related to each category.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
12. The financial statements of a company are prepared by the shareholders.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-6 Test Bank for Understanding Financial Accounting, Third Canadian Edition
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
13. Assets are listed in the order of their liquidity on the classified Statement of Financial
Position.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
14. Prepaid expenses can be found on the Statement of Income.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
15. The Statement of Financial Position measures cash inflows and outflows of a company over
a period of time.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
16. Profit is determined by subtracting the income earned during the period from the expenses
incurred during the same period.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Overview of Corporate Financial Reporting
1-7
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
17. Income can also include gains that a company generates from sales that are outside their
normal course of operations.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
18. Expenses are defined as increases in economic benefits.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
19. Gross profit is equal to the sales received from goods and the operating expenses incurred
during the period.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
20. Net earnings is the amount of the company’s revenue that remains after all its expenses are
accounted for.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, 1-8 Test Bank for Understanding Financial Accounting, Third Canadian Edition
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
21. Retained earnings are the earnings that have been kept and NOT paid out as dividends.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
22. Liquidity refers to how long something will be received, realized, or consumed.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
23. Canadian companies use a 12-month period to distinguish between items that are current
from those that are non-current.
Answer: True
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
AACSB: Analytic
24. Working capital measures the company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations using its
non-current assets.
Answer: False
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify and explain the content and reporting objectives of the four basic
financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.
CPA: Financial Reporting
Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited