IB Sports, Health, and Exercise Science Paper 1 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
mechanisms of glucose uptake - 1. insulin dependent uptake (most common at rest)
2. exercise induced uptake (without insulin
explain insulin dependent glucose uptake process - eating-->glucose levels rise-->pancreas
makes insulin-->binds to muscle/tissue-->activates PL3K-->GLUT4 moves into cell-->cell lets
glucose enter-->glucose used as energy/stored as glycogen
explain exercise induced glucose uptake process - muscle contracts -->calcium releases and
activates AMPK-->glucose moves into cell-->glucose enters without insulin
what is insulin - converts glucose into glycogen (stored glucose)
-tells body were full
what is AMPK - activated by exercise, allows glucose uptake without insulin (maintains energy
balance)
muscle contraction types - 1. isotonic
2. isometric
3. isokinetic
isotonic contractions - involve movement and change in muscle length
types of isotonic contractions - 1. concentric - shortens/produces force
e.x. bicep curl
2. eccentric - lengthens/produces force
, e.x. downward movement of bicep curl
isometric - no change in length/ produces force
e.x. plank
isokinetic - change in length at constant speed
e.x. rehab machines
interoceptors - detect internal stimuli
baroreceptors - maintain blood pressure during activity
chemoreceptors - in blood vessels, detect changes in blood pH, oxygen/carbon levels.
proprioceptors - detect position and movement of body
role of interoceptors in exercise - signal brain about muscle fatigue, oxygen need, co2 build up.
Triggers responses like respiration rate, heart rate, and sweating
What is DOMS - muscle pain/soreness 12-72 hours after intense physical activity
characteristics of DOMS - -onset; begins 12-24 hours post exercise
-peak; around 48 hours
-duration; 5-7 days
-affects muscle performance (strength/range of motion)
-occurs after new exercise, high intensity, eccentric-focused movement
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
mechanisms of glucose uptake - 1. insulin dependent uptake (most common at rest)
2. exercise induced uptake (without insulin
explain insulin dependent glucose uptake process - eating-->glucose levels rise-->pancreas
makes insulin-->binds to muscle/tissue-->activates PL3K-->GLUT4 moves into cell-->cell lets
glucose enter-->glucose used as energy/stored as glycogen
explain exercise induced glucose uptake process - muscle contracts -->calcium releases and
activates AMPK-->glucose moves into cell-->glucose enters without insulin
what is insulin - converts glucose into glycogen (stored glucose)
-tells body were full
what is AMPK - activated by exercise, allows glucose uptake without insulin (maintains energy
balance)
muscle contraction types - 1. isotonic
2. isometric
3. isokinetic
isotonic contractions - involve movement and change in muscle length
types of isotonic contractions - 1. concentric - shortens/produces force
e.x. bicep curl
2. eccentric - lengthens/produces force
, e.x. downward movement of bicep curl
isometric - no change in length/ produces force
e.x. plank
isokinetic - change in length at constant speed
e.x. rehab machines
interoceptors - detect internal stimuli
baroreceptors - maintain blood pressure during activity
chemoreceptors - in blood vessels, detect changes in blood pH, oxygen/carbon levels.
proprioceptors - detect position and movement of body
role of interoceptors in exercise - signal brain about muscle fatigue, oxygen need, co2 build up.
Triggers responses like respiration rate, heart rate, and sweating
What is DOMS - muscle pain/soreness 12-72 hours after intense physical activity
characteristics of DOMS - -onset; begins 12-24 hours post exercise
-peak; around 48 hours
-duration; 5-7 days
-affects muscle performance (strength/range of motion)
-occurs after new exercise, high intensity, eccentric-focused movement
