Med-Surg Nursing III Theory Exam
Questions with complete Solutions
2025/2026 A+ Graded 100% Verified
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with type 2 diabetes who asks the nurse what "type 2"
means. Which of the following statements is the best response by the nurse?
a. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed."
b. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased."
c. "With type 2 diabetes, the client is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin."
d. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces antibodies that destroy B-cells in the pancreas." -
ANS-b. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is
increased."
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced and the cells of
the body become resistant to insulin or both.
The nurse is caring for a 54-year-old client who is hospitalized with diabetes mellitus. Which of
the following laboratory test results would provide information related to the client's past glucose
control?
a. Prealbumin level
b. Urine ketone level Incorrect
c. Fasting glucose level
d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - ANS-d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level
A glycosylated hemoglobin level (or hemoglobin A1C [A1C] test) detects the amount of glucose
that is bound to red blood cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose
attaches to the RBCs and remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120
days. Thus the test can give an indication of glycemic control over approximately 2-3 months.
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to perform self-monitoring of blood
glucose (SMBG). Which of the following actions by the client should alert the nurse that
additional teaching is required?
a. Chooses a puncture site in the centre of the finger pad
The client should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the centre of the finger pad.
This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily painful.
b. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used
c. Warms the finger before puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood
d. Tells the nurse that the result of 6.66 mmol/L indicates good control of diabetes - ANS-a.
Chooses a puncture site in the centre of the finger pad
, The client should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the centre of the finger pad.
This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily painful.
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about proper composition of the daily diet. Which of
the following percentages should the nurse explain is the guideline for daily carbohydrate
intake?
a. 80%
b. 30%
c. 45%
d. 25% - ANS-c. 45%
The recommendation for carbohydrate intake is 45% to 60% of daily energy. Low-carbohydrate
diets are not recommended for diabetes management.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In formulating a teaching plan
that encourages the client to actively participate in management of the diabetes, which of the
following actions should the nurse do first?
a. Assess client's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
b. Ask the client to write down current knowledge about diabetes. Incorrect
c. Set goals for the client to actively participate in managing his diabetes.
d. Assume responsibility for all of the client's care to decrease stress level. - ANS-a. Assess
client's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
In order for teaching to be effective, the first step is to assess the client. Teaching can be
individualized once the nurse is aware of what a diagnosis of diabetes means to the client.
The nurse is beginning to teach a diabetic client about vascular complications of diabetes.
Which of the following information would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching
plan?
a. Macroangiopathy does not occur in type 1 diabetes but rather in type 2 diabetics who have
severe disease.
b. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commonly affects the capillary membranes
of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and skin.
c. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized blood vessels can be
prevented by careful glucose control.
d. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual impotency experienced by
a majority of clients with diabetes. - ANS-b. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most
commonly affects the capillary membranes of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and skin.
Microangiopathy occurs in diabetes mellitus. The areas of the body most noticeably affected are
the eyes (retinopathy), the kidneys (nephropathy), the nerves (neuropathy), and the skin
(dermopathy). Sexual impotency and slowed gastric emptying result from microangiopathy.
Macroangiopathy can occur in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
The nurse is evaluating a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following
symptoms reported by the client is considered one of the classic clinical manifestations of
diabetes?
Questions with complete Solutions
2025/2026 A+ Graded 100% Verified
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with type 2 diabetes who asks the nurse what "type 2"
means. Which of the following statements is the best response by the nurse?
a. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed."
b. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased."
c. "With type 2 diabetes, the client is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin."
d. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces antibodies that destroy B-cells in the pancreas." -
ANS-b. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is
increased."
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced and the cells of
the body become resistant to insulin or both.
The nurse is caring for a 54-year-old client who is hospitalized with diabetes mellitus. Which of
the following laboratory test results would provide information related to the client's past glucose
control?
a. Prealbumin level
b. Urine ketone level Incorrect
c. Fasting glucose level
d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - ANS-d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level
A glycosylated hemoglobin level (or hemoglobin A1C [A1C] test) detects the amount of glucose
that is bound to red blood cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose
attaches to the RBCs and remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120
days. Thus the test can give an indication of glycemic control over approximately 2-3 months.
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to perform self-monitoring of blood
glucose (SMBG). Which of the following actions by the client should alert the nurse that
additional teaching is required?
a. Chooses a puncture site in the centre of the finger pad
The client should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the centre of the finger pad.
This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily painful.
b. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used
c. Warms the finger before puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood
d. Tells the nurse that the result of 6.66 mmol/L indicates good control of diabetes - ANS-a.
Chooses a puncture site in the centre of the finger pad
, The client should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the centre of the finger pad.
This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily painful.
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about proper composition of the daily diet. Which of
the following percentages should the nurse explain is the guideline for daily carbohydrate
intake?
a. 80%
b. 30%
c. 45%
d. 25% - ANS-c. 45%
The recommendation for carbohydrate intake is 45% to 60% of daily energy. Low-carbohydrate
diets are not recommended for diabetes management.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In formulating a teaching plan
that encourages the client to actively participate in management of the diabetes, which of the
following actions should the nurse do first?
a. Assess client's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
b. Ask the client to write down current knowledge about diabetes. Incorrect
c. Set goals for the client to actively participate in managing his diabetes.
d. Assume responsibility for all of the client's care to decrease stress level. - ANS-a. Assess
client's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
In order for teaching to be effective, the first step is to assess the client. Teaching can be
individualized once the nurse is aware of what a diagnosis of diabetes means to the client.
The nurse is beginning to teach a diabetic client about vascular complications of diabetes.
Which of the following information would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching
plan?
a. Macroangiopathy does not occur in type 1 diabetes but rather in type 2 diabetics who have
severe disease.
b. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commonly affects the capillary membranes
of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and skin.
c. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized blood vessels can be
prevented by careful glucose control.
d. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual impotency experienced by
a majority of clients with diabetes. - ANS-b. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most
commonly affects the capillary membranes of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and skin.
Microangiopathy occurs in diabetes mellitus. The areas of the body most noticeably affected are
the eyes (retinopathy), the kidneys (nephropathy), the nerves (neuropathy), and the skin
(dermopathy). Sexual impotency and slowed gastric emptying result from microangiopathy.
Macroangiopathy can occur in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
The nurse is evaluating a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following
symptoms reported by the client is considered one of the classic clinical manifestations of
diabetes?
