Nanomedicine Midterm Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Quiz: Nanomedicine definition, Ans: a branch of medicine that applies the
knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of
disease
involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes,
for tissue regeneration, drug delivery, diagnosis, gene inteference and editing,
etc
Quiz: Nanomaterials definition, Ans: -anything with one or more external
dimensions between 1 and 100 nm
-nanomaterials often shift shape when interacting with other small particles
-particles >100nm oftern display nanolike qualities
-some conjugates complex nanoparticles are >100nm
Quiz: surface area to volume ratio, Ans: nanomaterials are small in size but
large in surface area
they have a very high surface area to volume ratio
Quiz: manipulating hydrophilicity, Ans: one unique property of
nanomaterials is that they can have maniupulated hydrophilicity
they can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic shown by the water contact angle
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,Quiz: Paclitaxel (PTX), Ans: -nanoparticle formulated as a novel anti cancer
drug
-one of the most effective ever developed
-active against a broad range of cancers: lung, ovarian, breast
-low water solubility so must be mixed in organic chemicals
Quiz: metal-on-metal hip implants, Ans: -medical devices used to restore
mobility and relieve pain associated with arthritis and other hip diseases or
injuries
-CoCrMo or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy
-originally thought to be more durable than ceramic or plastic, but has been
shown to deteriorate faster, expose patients to high levels of metals, and fail at
a higher rate
-lots of money in lawsuits, recalls, and settlements
Quiz: Lecture 1 takeaways, Ans: -nanomedicine is very powerful, changing
how we study and treat diseases
-nanomaterials can mimic natural tissue structures as well as biomolecules like
DNA and proteins
-knowledge of nanomed is very important as it can determine the success or
failure of therapies costing billions of dollars
Quiz: why do we need nanoparticles?, Ans: -delivery to target organ/tissue
-protection
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,-entering cells
-toxicity
-multiple functions
Quiz: considerations in design, Ans: -administration methods
-half-life/stability
-degradation
-toxicity
-characterization and verification
Quiz: barriers for nanotherapeutic delivery, Ans: -mononuclear phagocyte
system
-nonspecific distribution
-hemorheological limitations
-intratumoral pressure
-cell membrane internalization/endosomal escape
-multidrug resistance
Quiz: enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), Ans: means molecules of
certain sizes (usually nanoparticles and macromolecules in nanomaterial sizes)
tend to accumulate in tumor tissue more than they do in normal tissues
Quiz: causes of EPR, Ans: -tumor cell growth: aggregates to 150-200um
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, -need of blood supply: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for
angiogenesis
-abnormal in form and architecture: poorly aligned defective andothelial cells,
wide fenestrations, lacking a smooth muscle later
-lack effective lymphatic drainage (hypertension and low pH)
-inflammation cytokines: NO, TNF-alpha, etc (migration of macrophages)
-secretions of proteinases, such as MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases)
Quiz: biological factors impacting EPR, Ans: -effectiveness of lymphatic
drainage and intratumoral pressure
-tumor size, type, and location (pancreatic cancers have low vascular density,
central areas of liver cancer metastases and other large tumor masses may
have central necrosis so they wont show typical EPR effect)
-extent of macrophage tumor infiltration and the activity of the mononuclear
phagocyte system (MPS)
Quiz: biochemical/physical factors that increase EPR, Ans: -NO, TNF-alpha,
bradykini (enlarge blood vessels and lower blood pressure), VEGF, MMPs,
hyperthermia
Quiz: optimizing EPR for designing a nanoparticle, Ans: -composition and
drug loading
-size
-shape
-charge
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Quiz: Nanomedicine definition, Ans: a branch of medicine that applies the
knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of
disease
involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes,
for tissue regeneration, drug delivery, diagnosis, gene inteference and editing,
etc
Quiz: Nanomaterials definition, Ans: -anything with one or more external
dimensions between 1 and 100 nm
-nanomaterials often shift shape when interacting with other small particles
-particles >100nm oftern display nanolike qualities
-some conjugates complex nanoparticles are >100nm
Quiz: surface area to volume ratio, Ans: nanomaterials are small in size but
large in surface area
they have a very high surface area to volume ratio
Quiz: manipulating hydrophilicity, Ans: one unique property of
nanomaterials is that they can have maniupulated hydrophilicity
they can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic shown by the water contact angle
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
,Quiz: Paclitaxel (PTX), Ans: -nanoparticle formulated as a novel anti cancer
drug
-one of the most effective ever developed
-active against a broad range of cancers: lung, ovarian, breast
-low water solubility so must be mixed in organic chemicals
Quiz: metal-on-metal hip implants, Ans: -medical devices used to restore
mobility and relieve pain associated with arthritis and other hip diseases or
injuries
-CoCrMo or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy
-originally thought to be more durable than ceramic or plastic, but has been
shown to deteriorate faster, expose patients to high levels of metals, and fail at
a higher rate
-lots of money in lawsuits, recalls, and settlements
Quiz: Lecture 1 takeaways, Ans: -nanomedicine is very powerful, changing
how we study and treat diseases
-nanomaterials can mimic natural tissue structures as well as biomolecules like
DNA and proteins
-knowledge of nanomed is very important as it can determine the success or
failure of therapies costing billions of dollars
Quiz: why do we need nanoparticles?, Ans: -delivery to target organ/tissue
-protection
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
,-entering cells
-toxicity
-multiple functions
Quiz: considerations in design, Ans: -administration methods
-half-life/stability
-degradation
-toxicity
-characterization and verification
Quiz: barriers for nanotherapeutic delivery, Ans: -mononuclear phagocyte
system
-nonspecific distribution
-hemorheological limitations
-intratumoral pressure
-cell membrane internalization/endosomal escape
-multidrug resistance
Quiz: enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), Ans: means molecules of
certain sizes (usually nanoparticles and macromolecules in nanomaterial sizes)
tend to accumulate in tumor tissue more than they do in normal tissues
Quiz: causes of EPR, Ans: -tumor cell growth: aggregates to 150-200um
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
, -need of blood supply: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for
angiogenesis
-abnormal in form and architecture: poorly aligned defective andothelial cells,
wide fenestrations, lacking a smooth muscle later
-lack effective lymphatic drainage (hypertension and low pH)
-inflammation cytokines: NO, TNF-alpha, etc (migration of macrophages)
-secretions of proteinases, such as MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases)
Quiz: biological factors impacting EPR, Ans: -effectiveness of lymphatic
drainage and intratumoral pressure
-tumor size, type, and location (pancreatic cancers have low vascular density,
central areas of liver cancer metastases and other large tumor masses may
have central necrosis so they wont show typical EPR effect)
-extent of macrophage tumor infiltration and the activity of the mononuclear
phagocyte system (MPS)
Quiz: biochemical/physical factors that increase EPR, Ans: -NO, TNF-alpha,
bradykini (enlarge blood vessels and lower blood pressure), VEGF, MMPs,
hyperthermia
Quiz: optimizing EPR for designing a nanoparticle, Ans: -composition and
drug loading
-size
-shape
-charge
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
