, TESTBANK for Intermediate Statistical
Investigations 1e Tintle
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, Preliminaries
Intermediate Statistical Investigations Test Bank
Question types: FIB = Fill in the blank Calc = Calculation
Ma = Matching MS = Multiple select
MC = Multiple choice TF = True-false
PRELIMINARIES TERMINAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
TLOP-A: Explore how the relationship between two variables can be impacted by additional
variables.
TLOP-B: Express the relationship between two variables using a statistical model, and calculate
and report the standard error of the residuals, a measure of prediction error.
PRELIMINARIES ENABLING LEARNING OUTCOMES
LOP-1: Identify and apply basic terminology of statistical studies: observational units, response
variable, explanatory variable, association, confounding variable.
LOP-2: Identify potential sources and measures of variation in a response variable.
LOP-3: Produce and describe some basic visualizations and numerical summaries to compare
groups and explore relationships (e.g., bar graphs, dotplots/histograms/boxplots,
scatterplots, means, medians, standard deviation).
LOP-4: Explore how those comparisons and relationships can be impacted by additional
variables.
LOP-5: Calculate a residual and relate it to typical prediction error.
Section P.A
Questions 1 and 2: In order for students to participate in remote learning, they need access to a
computer or tablet for school work. An advocacy group conducted a survey of U.S. families and
analyzed the relationship between household income (less than $25,000, between $25,000 and
$50,000, or greater than $50,000) and access to a computer or tablet (no access, sometimes,
always).
1. Access to a computer/tablet is the __________ (explanatory/response) variable.
We can classify this variable as __________ (categorical/quantitative).
Income is the __________ (explanatory/response) variable.
We can classify this variable as __________ (categorical/quantitative).
Ans: response, categorical, explanatory, categorical; LOP-1; Difficulty: Easy; Type: FIB
2. Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying the relationship between income
and access to a computer/tablet?
A. A mosaic plot
B. A histogram
C. Stacked boxplots (one boxplot for each group)
D. A scatterplot
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-2 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
Ans: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
3. Which of the hypothetical mosaic plots below shows an association between class (first,
second, third, or crew) and survival on the Titanic? Select all that apply.
A. Graph A
B. Graph B
C. Graph C
Ans: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MS
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-3
Questions 4 through 7: Two hospitals, Memorial Hospital and Fairbanks Medical Center, both
perform the same procedure to alleviate joint pain. Researchers surveyed a random sam-
ple of 100 patients from each hospital who had undergone this procedure and asked
whether or not they had made a full recovery in a six month period after surgery. The table
below shows the results of the survey. The mosaic plot further breaks down the results
based on socioeconomic status (SES).
Recovery
Hospital Full No Total
Fairbanks 60 40 100
Memorial 66 34 100
Total 126 74 200
4. Based on the table, is there an association between hospital and recovery in this sample?
Note: This question refers to the sample, so there is no need to consider whether this data
reflects a genuine tendency in the population.
A. There is no association. More than 50% of patients recover, regardless of hospital.
B. There is no association. The recovery rate is not the same at the two hospitals.
C. There is an association. More than 50% of patients recover, regardless of hospital.
D. There is an association. The recovery rate is not the same at the two hospitals.
Ans: D; LOP-1; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
5. Suppose you are primarily interested in the potential association between hospital and re-
covery. Based on the mosaic plot, does SES satisfy the definition of a confounding
variable in this scenario?
_______ (Yes/No), because Memorial Hospital is more likely to serve _______ (high/low)
SES patients, compared to Fairbanks, and_______ (high/low) SES patients are more like-
ly to make a full recovery.
Ans: Yes, high, high; LOP-1; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-4 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
6. Does this scenario satisfy the definition of Simpson’s paradox?
_______ (Yes/No), because overall, the recovery rates are higher at _______ (Memori-
al/Fairbanks), but after adjusting for SES, the conditional recovery rates are higher at
_______ (Memorial/Fairbanks).
Ans: Yes, Memorial, Fairbanks; LOP-4; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
7. Put the components of the study into the correct boxes in the Sources of Variation Dia-
gram. Note: Some boxes will include more than one answer.
Observed variation in: Sources of Sources of
explained variation unexplained variation
Inclusion criteria
A. Hospital (Memorial or Fairbanks)
B. Has undergone medical procedure for joint pain
C. Lifestyle factors (physicality of occupation, opportunities for rest, etc.)
D. Recovery (full or no)
E. Socioeconomic status (low SES or high SES)
F. Physical therapy (as recommended, less than recommended, none)
Ans: Observed variation in: D, Inclusion criteria: B, Sources of explained variation: A, E,
Sources of unexplained variation: C, F; LOP-2; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
Questions 8 through 13: In 2018, a sample of academic faculty from universities across the
country were surveyed about their salaries (in US dollars). The results were classified according
to each faculty member’s academic rank (instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and
full professor) and gender (male, female).
8. Identify the observational units and variables. Note: Some blanks will include more than
one answer. One of the answer choices will not be used.
Observational units: A. Academic faculty members
Explanatory variables: B. Universities
Response variable: C. Salary (in US dollars)
D. Academic rank
E. Gender
Ans: Observational units: A, Explanatory variables: D, E, Response variable: C; LOP-1;
Difficulty: Easy; Type: Ma
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-5
9. Name the graph types being used to display the distribution of salaries.
A. Bar graph
B. Mosaic plot
C. Histogram
D. Boxplot
E. Scatterplot
Ans: C, D; LOP-3; Difficulty: Easy; Type: MS
10. Describe the relationship between the mean salary and the median salary.
The mean salary is ______ (greater/less) than the median salary, because the distribution
of salaries is skewed ______ (right, left)
Ans: greater, right; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
11. True or False: There is an association between gender and salary in this sample.
Ans: True; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: TF
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-6 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
12. Use the mosaic plot to match the percentages below to the appropriate statement describ-
ing the data.
Statement 1: _____% of the faculty in
this sample are male.
Statement 2: _____ % of the faculty
who have reached the rank of profes-
sor are male.
Statement 3: _____% of female facul-
ty members are at the rank of instruc-
tor.
Statement 4: _____% of male faculty
members are at the rank of instructor.
A. 7%
B. 22%
C. 68%
D. 81%
Ans: 1: C, 2: D, 3: B, 4: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Easy; Type: Ma
13. Using the tables below, compare the distribution of salaries for male and female faculty
members, before and after taking rank into account.
Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply.
A. Before taking rank into account, there is an association between gender and salary
in this sample.
B. After taking rank into account, there is an association between gender and salary
in this sample.
C. The nature of the relationship between gender and salary changes after adjusting
for rank; thus rank satisfies the definition of a confounding variable in this scenario.
D. The direction of the relationship between gender and salary changes after adjust-
ing for rank; thus this scenario satisfies the definition of Simpson’s paradox.
Ans: A, B, C; LOP-4; Difficulty: Hard; Type: MS
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-7
Section P.B
Questions 14 through 16: A sample of caregivers was selected to be representative of the U.S.
population. If there was more than one child in the caregiver’s household, the child asked about
was determined randomly. Each caregiver was asked to estimate how much sleep their child typ-
ically gets at night. To predict sleep times, we can use the following statistical model:
Model 1: Predicted sleep = 8.26 hours, standard deviation = 1.33 hours
14. Interpret the standard deviation.
A. The range of the middle 50% of the data is 1.33 hours.
B. A typical sleep time lies about 1.33 hours from the mean sleep time.
C. 95% of the observations in this sample are in the range 8.26 ± 1.33.
D. 95% of the observations in this sample are higher than 1.33 hours.
Ans: B; TLOP-B; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
15. One caregiver estimates that their child gets 7 hours of sleep per night. Calculate the re-
sidual for this observation.
Solution: 7 – 8.26 = -1.26
Ans: -1.26 ± 0; LOP-5; Difficulty: Easy; Type: Calc
16. Suppose we add a new variable, Age, which explains a substantial amount of the variabil-
ity in sleep times.
Model 2:
Predicted sleep = 7.63 hours for older children (age 12-17), 8.89 hours for younger chil-
dren (age 6-11)
SE of the residuals = ?
Since Age explains a substantial amount of the variability in sleep times, we would expect
the standard error of the residuals in Model 2 to be _______ (greater than/less than/equal
to) the standard deviation in Model 1.
Ans: less than; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, 1-8 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
Questions 17 and 18: For a sample of 100 colleges, four different models were used to predict
the average salary in the year after graduating. The graphs below show the residuals from these
models.
17. Graph 1 shows the residuals from a model that uses a school’s admittance rate to predict
average salary. Graph 2 shows the residuals from a model that uses a school’s total cost
per year (out-of-state) to predict average salary. Which explanatory variable do you pre-
fer?
A. Admittance rate (Model 1), because more of the variability in average salaries is
explained by the model.
B. Total cost (Model 2), because there is less unexplained variability in average sala-
ries after applying the model.
C. Both models are equally good, because both have a distribution of residuals that is
roughly bell-shaped.
D. Neither of these models is useful for predicting average salary, because both have
a distribution of residuals that is centered at 0.
Ans: B; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
18. Suppose we used a model with two explanatory variables. What would the graph of the
residuals look like if both admittance rate and cost were used to predict average salary?
A. Graph 3 is reasonable, because the SD of the residuals is less than 5768.
B. Graph 4 is a reasonable, because the SD of the residuals is greater than 6329.
C. Neither Graph 3 nor Graph 4 is reasonable, because the SD of the residuals
should be between 5768 and 6329.
Ans: A; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
Investigations 1e Tintle
Hello all ,
We have all what you need with best price
Our email :
Our website :
testbanks-store.com
, Preliminaries
Intermediate Statistical Investigations Test Bank
Question types: FIB = Fill in the blank Calc = Calculation
Ma = Matching MS = Multiple select
MC = Multiple choice TF = True-false
PRELIMINARIES TERMINAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
TLOP-A: Explore how the relationship between two variables can be impacted by additional
variables.
TLOP-B: Express the relationship between two variables using a statistical model, and calculate
and report the standard error of the residuals, a measure of prediction error.
PRELIMINARIES ENABLING LEARNING OUTCOMES
LOP-1: Identify and apply basic terminology of statistical studies: observational units, response
variable, explanatory variable, association, confounding variable.
LOP-2: Identify potential sources and measures of variation in a response variable.
LOP-3: Produce and describe some basic visualizations and numerical summaries to compare
groups and explore relationships (e.g., bar graphs, dotplots/histograms/boxplots,
scatterplots, means, medians, standard deviation).
LOP-4: Explore how those comparisons and relationships can be impacted by additional
variables.
LOP-5: Calculate a residual and relate it to typical prediction error.
Section P.A
Questions 1 and 2: In order for students to participate in remote learning, they need access to a
computer or tablet for school work. An advocacy group conducted a survey of U.S. families and
analyzed the relationship between household income (less than $25,000, between $25,000 and
$50,000, or greater than $50,000) and access to a computer or tablet (no access, sometimes,
always).
1. Access to a computer/tablet is the __________ (explanatory/response) variable.
We can classify this variable as __________ (categorical/quantitative).
Income is the __________ (explanatory/response) variable.
We can classify this variable as __________ (categorical/quantitative).
Ans: response, categorical, explanatory, categorical; LOP-1; Difficulty: Easy; Type: FIB
2. Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying the relationship between income
and access to a computer/tablet?
A. A mosaic plot
B. A histogram
C. Stacked boxplots (one boxplot for each group)
D. A scatterplot
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-2 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
Ans: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
3. Which of the hypothetical mosaic plots below shows an association between class (first,
second, third, or crew) and survival on the Titanic? Select all that apply.
A. Graph A
B. Graph B
C. Graph C
Ans: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MS
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-3
Questions 4 through 7: Two hospitals, Memorial Hospital and Fairbanks Medical Center, both
perform the same procedure to alleviate joint pain. Researchers surveyed a random sam-
ple of 100 patients from each hospital who had undergone this procedure and asked
whether or not they had made a full recovery in a six month period after surgery. The table
below shows the results of the survey. The mosaic plot further breaks down the results
based on socioeconomic status (SES).
Recovery
Hospital Full No Total
Fairbanks 60 40 100
Memorial 66 34 100
Total 126 74 200
4. Based on the table, is there an association between hospital and recovery in this sample?
Note: This question refers to the sample, so there is no need to consider whether this data
reflects a genuine tendency in the population.
A. There is no association. More than 50% of patients recover, regardless of hospital.
B. There is no association. The recovery rate is not the same at the two hospitals.
C. There is an association. More than 50% of patients recover, regardless of hospital.
D. There is an association. The recovery rate is not the same at the two hospitals.
Ans: D; LOP-1; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
5. Suppose you are primarily interested in the potential association between hospital and re-
covery. Based on the mosaic plot, does SES satisfy the definition of a confounding
variable in this scenario?
_______ (Yes/No), because Memorial Hospital is more likely to serve _______ (high/low)
SES patients, compared to Fairbanks, and_______ (high/low) SES patients are more like-
ly to make a full recovery.
Ans: Yes, high, high; LOP-1; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-4 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
6. Does this scenario satisfy the definition of Simpson’s paradox?
_______ (Yes/No), because overall, the recovery rates are higher at _______ (Memori-
al/Fairbanks), but after adjusting for SES, the conditional recovery rates are higher at
_______ (Memorial/Fairbanks).
Ans: Yes, Memorial, Fairbanks; LOP-4; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
7. Put the components of the study into the correct boxes in the Sources of Variation Dia-
gram. Note: Some boxes will include more than one answer.
Observed variation in: Sources of Sources of
explained variation unexplained variation
Inclusion criteria
A. Hospital (Memorial or Fairbanks)
B. Has undergone medical procedure for joint pain
C. Lifestyle factors (physicality of occupation, opportunities for rest, etc.)
D. Recovery (full or no)
E. Socioeconomic status (low SES or high SES)
F. Physical therapy (as recommended, less than recommended, none)
Ans: Observed variation in: D, Inclusion criteria: B, Sources of explained variation: A, E,
Sources of unexplained variation: C, F; LOP-2; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
Questions 8 through 13: In 2018, a sample of academic faculty from universities across the
country were surveyed about their salaries (in US dollars). The results were classified according
to each faculty member’s academic rank (instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and
full professor) and gender (male, female).
8. Identify the observational units and variables. Note: Some blanks will include more than
one answer. One of the answer choices will not be used.
Observational units: A. Academic faculty members
Explanatory variables: B. Universities
Response variable: C. Salary (in US dollars)
D. Academic rank
E. Gender
Ans: Observational units: A, Explanatory variables: D, E, Response variable: C; LOP-1;
Difficulty: Easy; Type: Ma
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-5
9. Name the graph types being used to display the distribution of salaries.
A. Bar graph
B. Mosaic plot
C. Histogram
D. Boxplot
E. Scatterplot
Ans: C, D; LOP-3; Difficulty: Easy; Type: MS
10. Describe the relationship between the mean salary and the median salary.
The mean salary is ______ (greater/less) than the median salary, because the distribution
of salaries is skewed ______ (right, left)
Ans: greater, right; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
11. True or False: There is an association between gender and salary in this sample.
Ans: True; LOP-3; Difficulty: Medium; Type: TF
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
,1-6 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
12. Use the mosaic plot to match the percentages below to the appropriate statement describ-
ing the data.
Statement 1: _____% of the faculty in
this sample are male.
Statement 2: _____ % of the faculty
who have reached the rank of profes-
sor are male.
Statement 3: _____% of female facul-
ty members are at the rank of instruc-
tor.
Statement 4: _____% of male faculty
members are at the rank of instructor.
A. 7%
B. 22%
C. 68%
D. 81%
Ans: 1: C, 2: D, 3: B, 4: A; LOP-3; Difficulty: Easy; Type: Ma
13. Using the tables below, compare the distribution of salaries for male and female faculty
members, before and after taking rank into account.
Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply.
A. Before taking rank into account, there is an association between gender and salary
in this sample.
B. After taking rank into account, there is an association between gender and salary
in this sample.
C. The nature of the relationship between gender and salary changes after adjusting
for rank; thus rank satisfies the definition of a confounding variable in this scenario.
D. The direction of the relationship between gender and salary changes after adjust-
ing for rank; thus this scenario satisfies the definition of Simpson’s paradox.
Ans: A, B, C; LOP-4; Difficulty: Hard; Type: MS
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, Introduction to Financial Statements 1-7
Section P.B
Questions 14 through 16: A sample of caregivers was selected to be representative of the U.S.
population. If there was more than one child in the caregiver’s household, the child asked about
was determined randomly. Each caregiver was asked to estimate how much sleep their child typ-
ically gets at night. To predict sleep times, we can use the following statistical model:
Model 1: Predicted sleep = 8.26 hours, standard deviation = 1.33 hours
14. Interpret the standard deviation.
A. The range of the middle 50% of the data is 1.33 hours.
B. A typical sleep time lies about 1.33 hours from the mean sleep time.
C. 95% of the observations in this sample are in the range 8.26 ± 1.33.
D. 95% of the observations in this sample are higher than 1.33 hours.
Ans: B; TLOP-B; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
15. One caregiver estimates that their child gets 7 hours of sleep per night. Calculate the re-
sidual for this observation.
Solution: 7 – 8.26 = -1.26
Ans: -1.26 ± 0; LOP-5; Difficulty: Easy; Type: Calc
16. Suppose we add a new variable, Age, which explains a substantial amount of the variabil-
ity in sleep times.
Model 2:
Predicted sleep = 7.63 hours for older children (age 12-17), 8.89 hours for younger chil-
dren (age 6-11)
SE of the residuals = ?
Since Age explains a substantial amount of the variability in sleep times, we would expect
the standard error of the residuals in Model 2 to be _______ (greater than/less than/equal
to) the standard deviation in Model 1.
Ans: less than; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: FIB
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
, 1-8 Test Bank for Intermediate Statistical Investigations, 1st Edition
Questions 17 and 18: For a sample of 100 colleges, four different models were used to predict
the average salary in the year after graduating. The graphs below show the residuals from these
models.
17. Graph 1 shows the residuals from a model that uses a school’s admittance rate to predict
average salary. Graph 2 shows the residuals from a model that uses a school’s total cost
per year (out-of-state) to predict average salary. Which explanatory variable do you pre-
fer?
A. Admittance rate (Model 1), because more of the variability in average salaries is
explained by the model.
B. Total cost (Model 2), because there is less unexplained variability in average sala-
ries after applying the model.
C. Both models are equally good, because both have a distribution of residuals that is
roughly bell-shaped.
D. Neither of these models is useful for predicting average salary, because both have
a distribution of residuals that is centered at 0.
Ans: B; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
18. Suppose we used a model with two explanatory variables. What would the graph of the
residuals look like if both admittance rate and cost were used to predict average salary?
A. Graph 3 is reasonable, because the SD of the residuals is less than 5768.
B. Graph 4 is a reasonable, because the SD of the residuals is greater than 6329.
C. Neither Graph 3 nor Graph 4 is reasonable, because the SD of the residuals
should be between 5768 and 6329.
Ans: A; LOP-5; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
