1
PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICE (II) HESI EXAM LATEST UPDATES -
2025/2026- ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Upon admission to the emergency center, an adult client with acute status
asthmaticus is prescribed this series of medications. In which order should the
nurse administer the prescribed medications? (Arrange from first to last.)
Albuterol (Proventil) puffs.
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Prednisone (Deltasone) orally.
Gentamicin (Garamycin) IM.
Status asthmaticus is potentially a life-threatening respiratory event, so albuterol,
a beta2 adrenergic agonist and short acting bronchodilator, should be
administered by inhalation first to provide rapid and deep topical penetration to
relieve bronchospasms, dilate the bronchioles, and increase oxygenation. In
stepwise management of persistent asthma, a long-action bronchodilator, such as
salmeterol (Serevent Diskus), with a 12-hour duration of action should be given
next. Prednisone, an oral corticosteroid, provides prolonged anti-inflammatory
effects and should be given after the client's respiratory distress begins to
resolves. Gentamicin, an antibiotic, is given deep IM, which can be painful, and
may require repositioning the client, so should be last in the sequence.
The client's new medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor,
which has the side effect oforthostatic hypotension. Instructing the client to rise
slowly from a sitting or lying down position is important to teach the client to
avoid dizziness and potentially falling.
, 2
A female client calls the clinic and talks with the nurse to inquire about a possible
reaction after taking amoxicillin for 5 days. She reports having vaginal discomfort,
itching, and a white discharge. The nurse should discuss which action with the
client?
Discontinue the antibiotic because original symptoms have subsided.
Continue taking medication until finished until the symptoms subside.
Consult with healthcare provider about another treatment for this effect. Correct
Use an over-the-counter (OTC) vaginal wash to flush out the secretions.
A superinfection with normal flora yeast may occur during antibiotic therapy. If
suspected, the new onset of findings should be reported to the healthcare
provider for another prescribed treatment to treat the superinfection.
The nurse is making early morning rounds on a group of clients when a client
begins exhibiting symptoms of an acute asthma attack. The nurse administers a
PRN prescription for a Beta 2 receptor agonist agent. Which client response
should the nurse expect?
Tachycardia.
Increased blood pressure.
Rapid resolution of wheezing. Correct
Improved pulse oximetry values. Correct
Reduce fever airway inflammation.
Beta 2 receptor agonist agents should provide immediate return of airflow and
resolve wheezing and improve oxygenation.
A client prescribed atenolol has a blood pressure of 120/68 mmHg, displaying a
sinus bradycardia with a rate of 58 beats/minute, and a P-R interval of 0.24.
Which action should the nurse take?
, 3
Lower the head of the bed and assess the client for orthostatic vital sign changes.
Give the medication as prescribed and continue to monitor the client. Correct
Prepare to administer atropine sulfate IV push.
Hold the prescribed dose and contact the healthcare provider.
Since the client's blood pressure is within normal limits, and the pulse is above 50
beats/min with a first degree block, the medication can be administered. Atenolol
is a beta-blocker that slows the heart rate and lowers the blood pressure; this
drug is generally held if the heart rate is less than 50 beats/min or the client
exhibits dizziness related to hypotension.
The nurse is preparing the 0900 dose of losartan (Cozaar), an angiotensin II
receptor blocker (ARB), for a client with hypertension and heart failure. The nurse
reviews the client's laboratory results and notes that the client's serum potassium
level is 5.9 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?
Withhold the scheduled dose. Correct
Check the client's apical pulse.
Notify the healthcare provider.
Repeat the serum potassium level.
The nurse should first withhold the scheduled dose of Cozaar because the client is
hyperkalemic (normal range 3.5 to 5 mEq/l). Although hypokalemia is usually
associated with diuretic therapy in heart failure, hyperkalemia is associated with
several heart failure medications, including ARBs. Because hyperkalemia may lead
to cardiac dysrhythmias, the nurse should check the apical pulse for rate and
rhythm, and blood pressure.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible
An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop)
to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise. Which information should the nurse
provide to the client?
, 4
Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure. Correct
Change the patch every other day while on the cruise.
Place the patch on a hairless area at the base of the skull.
Drink no more than 2 alcoholic drinks during the cruise.
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, is used to prevent motion sickness and has
a peak onset in 6 hours, so the client should be instructed to apply the patch at
least 4 hours before departure on the cruise ship. The duration of the transdermal
patch is 72 hours. Scolopamine blocks muscarinic receptors in the inner ear and to
the vomiting center, so the best application site of the patch is behind the ear.
Anticholinergic medications are CNS depressants, so the client should be
instructed to avoid alcohol while using the patch.
A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO. Which
information should the nurse include in the client's instruction?
Notify the clinic of any changes in the color of urine.
Avoid overexposure to the sun.
Stop the medication after the diarrhea resolves.
Take the medication with food. Correct
Flagyl, an amoebicide and antibacterial agent, may cause gastric distress, so the
client should be instructed to take the medication on a full stomach. Urine may be
red-brown or dark from taking Flagyl, but this side effect is an expectant finding
and not necessary to report tot he healthcare provider.
The nurse is caring for a client who has taken atenolol for 2 years. The healthcare
provider recently changed the medication to enalapril to manage the client's
blood pressure. Which instruction should the nurse provide the client regarding
the new medication?
A. Take the medication at bedtime.
PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICE (II) HESI EXAM LATEST UPDATES -
2025/2026- ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Upon admission to the emergency center, an adult client with acute status
asthmaticus is prescribed this series of medications. In which order should the
nurse administer the prescribed medications? (Arrange from first to last.)
Albuterol (Proventil) puffs.
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Prednisone (Deltasone) orally.
Gentamicin (Garamycin) IM.
Status asthmaticus is potentially a life-threatening respiratory event, so albuterol,
a beta2 adrenergic agonist and short acting bronchodilator, should be
administered by inhalation first to provide rapid and deep topical penetration to
relieve bronchospasms, dilate the bronchioles, and increase oxygenation. In
stepwise management of persistent asthma, a long-action bronchodilator, such as
salmeterol (Serevent Diskus), with a 12-hour duration of action should be given
next. Prednisone, an oral corticosteroid, provides prolonged anti-inflammatory
effects and should be given after the client's respiratory distress begins to
resolves. Gentamicin, an antibiotic, is given deep IM, which can be painful, and
may require repositioning the client, so should be last in the sequence.
The client's new medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor,
which has the side effect oforthostatic hypotension. Instructing the client to rise
slowly from a sitting or lying down position is important to teach the client to
avoid dizziness and potentially falling.
, 2
A female client calls the clinic and talks with the nurse to inquire about a possible
reaction after taking amoxicillin for 5 days. She reports having vaginal discomfort,
itching, and a white discharge. The nurse should discuss which action with the
client?
Discontinue the antibiotic because original symptoms have subsided.
Continue taking medication until finished until the symptoms subside.
Consult with healthcare provider about another treatment for this effect. Correct
Use an over-the-counter (OTC) vaginal wash to flush out the secretions.
A superinfection with normal flora yeast may occur during antibiotic therapy. If
suspected, the new onset of findings should be reported to the healthcare
provider for another prescribed treatment to treat the superinfection.
The nurse is making early morning rounds on a group of clients when a client
begins exhibiting symptoms of an acute asthma attack. The nurse administers a
PRN prescription for a Beta 2 receptor agonist agent. Which client response
should the nurse expect?
Tachycardia.
Increased blood pressure.
Rapid resolution of wheezing. Correct
Improved pulse oximetry values. Correct
Reduce fever airway inflammation.
Beta 2 receptor agonist agents should provide immediate return of airflow and
resolve wheezing and improve oxygenation.
A client prescribed atenolol has a blood pressure of 120/68 mmHg, displaying a
sinus bradycardia with a rate of 58 beats/minute, and a P-R interval of 0.24.
Which action should the nurse take?
, 3
Lower the head of the bed and assess the client for orthostatic vital sign changes.
Give the medication as prescribed and continue to monitor the client. Correct
Prepare to administer atropine sulfate IV push.
Hold the prescribed dose and contact the healthcare provider.
Since the client's blood pressure is within normal limits, and the pulse is above 50
beats/min with a first degree block, the medication can be administered. Atenolol
is a beta-blocker that slows the heart rate and lowers the blood pressure; this
drug is generally held if the heart rate is less than 50 beats/min or the client
exhibits dizziness related to hypotension.
The nurse is preparing the 0900 dose of losartan (Cozaar), an angiotensin II
receptor blocker (ARB), for a client with hypertension and heart failure. The nurse
reviews the client's laboratory results and notes that the client's serum potassium
level is 5.9 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?
Withhold the scheduled dose. Correct
Check the client's apical pulse.
Notify the healthcare provider.
Repeat the serum potassium level.
The nurse should first withhold the scheduled dose of Cozaar because the client is
hyperkalemic (normal range 3.5 to 5 mEq/l). Although hypokalemia is usually
associated with diuretic therapy in heart failure, hyperkalemia is associated with
several heart failure medications, including ARBs. Because hyperkalemia may lead
to cardiac dysrhythmias, the nurse should check the apical pulse for rate and
rhythm, and blood pressure.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible
An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop)
to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise. Which information should the nurse
provide to the client?
, 4
Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure. Correct
Change the patch every other day while on the cruise.
Place the patch on a hairless area at the base of the skull.
Drink no more than 2 alcoholic drinks during the cruise.
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, is used to prevent motion sickness and has
a peak onset in 6 hours, so the client should be instructed to apply the patch at
least 4 hours before departure on the cruise ship. The duration of the transdermal
patch is 72 hours. Scolopamine blocks muscarinic receptors in the inner ear and to
the vomiting center, so the best application site of the patch is behind the ear.
Anticholinergic medications are CNS depressants, so the client should be
instructed to avoid alcohol while using the patch.
A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO. Which
information should the nurse include in the client's instruction?
Notify the clinic of any changes in the color of urine.
Avoid overexposure to the sun.
Stop the medication after the diarrhea resolves.
Take the medication with food. Correct
Flagyl, an amoebicide and antibacterial agent, may cause gastric distress, so the
client should be instructed to take the medication on a full stomach. Urine may be
red-brown or dark from taking Flagyl, but this side effect is an expectant finding
and not necessary to report tot he healthcare provider.
The nurse is caring for a client who has taken atenolol for 2 years. The healthcare
provider recently changed the medication to enalapril to manage the client's
blood pressure. Which instruction should the nurse provide the client regarding
the new medication?
A. Take the medication at bedtime.
