NM701 Exam 3 questions with complete
expert verified detailed answers latest
updated version 2025
16. Cervical cap--- correct precise answer --- Description
- FemCap, covers cervix completely and creates suction between
the cervix and the cap
Method of Action
- acts as a mechanical barrier to sperm migration Effectiveness
(Perfect & Typical)
- Typical; 13-16% (nullip), 23-32% (multip) Advantages
- no effect on menses
- female controlled
- may reduces cervical infections and STIs
- immediately active after placement, can be used during lactation
- low cost Disadvantages
- requires placement prior to genital contact, which may reduce
spontaneity
- requires some skill
- odor may develop if left in place for too long
,- increased risk for UTIs
- MEC 4 for women at high risk of HIV Instructions for
patients/what to expect
- 3 sizes available; often assign - nullip (22mm), parous women
that have not delivered vaginally (26mm), parous that have delivered
vaginally (30mm) Instructions for patients/what to expect
- can be placed up to 6 hours before sex, make sure to coat the
inside of the bowl and rim with spermicide, should be left in place for
6-8 hours after and up to 48 hours total
- insert additional spermicide if there are additional acts of
intercourse
17. Sponge--- correct precise answer --- Description
- pre-filled with spermicide that is continuously released into the
vagina during use Method of Action
- act as a mechanical barrier to sperm migration Effectiveness
(Perfect & Typical)
Advantages
- no effect on menses
- female controlled
- may reduces cervical infections and STIs
- immediately active after placement, can be used during lactation
- low cost Disadvantages
,- requires placement prior to genital contact, which may reduce
spontaneity
- requires some skill
- odor may develop if left in place for too long
- increased risk for UTIs
Instructions for patients/what to expect
- hold sponge "dimple side" up and thoroughly wet with tap water
prior to insertion; squeeze to produce suds
- insert with dimple first and loop last as far into vagina as
possible to cover cervix completely
- can be inserted up to 24 hours before sex but should not be in
place >30 hours; should be left in place at least 6 hours after last act
of intercourse, up to 24 hours total
- may have multiple acts of intercourse
18. Female sterilization--- correct precise answer --- Description
- surgery to remove or interrupt the patency of fallopian tubes
Method of Action
- remove or block fallopian tubes Effectiveness (Perfect & Typical)
- depends on type but can range from 0.8 (PP salpingectomy)-
3.7% (spring clip)
- younger women have higher failure rates Advantages
, - decreased risk of ovarian cancer (salpingectomy may be the best
way to reduce a woman's risk for ovarian cancer)
Disadvantages
- reported "tubal ligation syndrome" - research shows no increase
in amount or duration of menstrual bleeding or menstrual pain
- regret, especially in younger patients; counsel and offer
reversible methods if any hesitancy
- requires outpatient surgery (under general); expensive in short-
term
- if failure occurs, higher rate of ectopic pregnancy (30%)
- not readily reversible
- does not prevent spread of HIV or STIs
- higher risk of subsequent hysterectomy (in women who had
gynecological compli- cations prior to sterilization)
Instructions for patients/what to expect
- careful counseling about permanency
19. Male sterilization--- correct precise answer --- Description
- outpatient procedure in which the vas deferens are disrupted on
both sides Method of Action
- disruption of vas deferens Effectiveness (Perfect & Typical)
- Typical; 0.15%
expert verified detailed answers latest
updated version 2025
16. Cervical cap--- correct precise answer --- Description
- FemCap, covers cervix completely and creates suction between
the cervix and the cap
Method of Action
- acts as a mechanical barrier to sperm migration Effectiveness
(Perfect & Typical)
- Typical; 13-16% (nullip), 23-32% (multip) Advantages
- no effect on menses
- female controlled
- may reduces cervical infections and STIs
- immediately active after placement, can be used during lactation
- low cost Disadvantages
- requires placement prior to genital contact, which may reduce
spontaneity
- requires some skill
- odor may develop if left in place for too long
,- increased risk for UTIs
- MEC 4 for women at high risk of HIV Instructions for
patients/what to expect
- 3 sizes available; often assign - nullip (22mm), parous women
that have not delivered vaginally (26mm), parous that have delivered
vaginally (30mm) Instructions for patients/what to expect
- can be placed up to 6 hours before sex, make sure to coat the
inside of the bowl and rim with spermicide, should be left in place for
6-8 hours after and up to 48 hours total
- insert additional spermicide if there are additional acts of
intercourse
17. Sponge--- correct precise answer --- Description
- pre-filled with spermicide that is continuously released into the
vagina during use Method of Action
- act as a mechanical barrier to sperm migration Effectiveness
(Perfect & Typical)
Advantages
- no effect on menses
- female controlled
- may reduces cervical infections and STIs
- immediately active after placement, can be used during lactation
- low cost Disadvantages
,- requires placement prior to genital contact, which may reduce
spontaneity
- requires some skill
- odor may develop if left in place for too long
- increased risk for UTIs
Instructions for patients/what to expect
- hold sponge "dimple side" up and thoroughly wet with tap water
prior to insertion; squeeze to produce suds
- insert with dimple first and loop last as far into vagina as
possible to cover cervix completely
- can be inserted up to 24 hours before sex but should not be in
place >30 hours; should be left in place at least 6 hours after last act
of intercourse, up to 24 hours total
- may have multiple acts of intercourse
18. Female sterilization--- correct precise answer --- Description
- surgery to remove or interrupt the patency of fallopian tubes
Method of Action
- remove or block fallopian tubes Effectiveness (Perfect & Typical)
- depends on type but can range from 0.8 (PP salpingectomy)-
3.7% (spring clip)
- younger women have higher failure rates Advantages
, - decreased risk of ovarian cancer (salpingectomy may be the best
way to reduce a woman's risk for ovarian cancer)
Disadvantages
- reported "tubal ligation syndrome" - research shows no increase
in amount or duration of menstrual bleeding or menstrual pain
- regret, especially in younger patients; counsel and offer
reversible methods if any hesitancy
- requires outpatient surgery (under general); expensive in short-
term
- if failure occurs, higher rate of ectopic pregnancy (30%)
- not readily reversible
- does not prevent spread of HIV or STIs
- higher risk of subsequent hysterectomy (in women who had
gynecological compli- cations prior to sterilization)
Instructions for patients/what to expect
- careful counseling about permanency
19. Male sterilization--- correct precise answer --- Description
- outpatient procedure in which the vas deferens are disrupted on
both sides Method of Action
- disruption of vas deferens Effectiveness (Perfect & Typical)
- Typical; 0.15%
