A4M Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual
Actual Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. What does insulin resistance do? - ANSWER creates inflammation
reduces NO levels
causes endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease
through the mitogenic activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which is
atherogenic and induces hypertension as opposed to the phophatidylinositol 3
kinase (PI3K) pathway
2. Specific tests to identify inflammation - ANSWER HS-CRP
3. Specific tests to identify oxidative stress: - ANSWER oxLDL and
myeloperoxidase
4. How to increase NO and eNOS? - ANSWER oral nitrates/nitrites, beet
root juice/extracts, dark
green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, polyphenols, vitamin C,
arginine, methylarginines, citrullene, grapefruit juice with PDE inhibitors,
PDE inhibitors ( viagra, cialis, levitra ), BH4, folate, B vitamins, NADH,
NADPH, glutathione(GSH), whey protein, selenium, sulfhydryls, thiols ( Rlipoic
,acid, NAC, MSM), curcumin, quercetin.
5. ADMA and DDAH relation to NO - ANSWER ADMA, an endogenous L-
arginine analogue, reduces NO production by inhibiting the activity of NOS.
ADMA levels in turn, are regulated by DDAH, which metabolises ADMA.
High levels of ADMA and dysregulated DDAH activity are risk factors for
cardiovascular disease and morbidity.
goal=Lower ADMA and increase DDAH activity
6. How to increase ATP? - ANSWER D-Ribose, CoQ10, carnitine, lipoic acid,
Mg++, ALCAR,
cordyceps, ginseng, B-vitamins, FAD, NADH, nicotinamide riboside exercise,
optimal iron and copper.
7. Storage form of NO - ANSWER S -Nitrosothiols (RSNO)
8. PPI and CHD risk - ANSWER PPIs elevate ADMA
decrease NO
Inhibit DDAH ( dimethylarginine
dimethylaminohydrolase enzyme) that degrades
ADMA.
• Impairs acid production in endothelial cell lysosomes
that prevent waste removal and accelerate
,endothelial cell aging
• Increases risk for CHD
• Also increase risk for CKD
9. normal levels of ADMA - ANSWER Normal: 1.0 + 0.1 umol/L
10.ADMA and SDMA - ANSWER ADMA directly blocks eNOS to inhibit NO
production
SDMA indirectly blocks NO production by inhibiting the availability of free L-
Arginine.
ADMA is cleared gradually by degradation while SDMA is cleared rapidly
through the urine
Therefore, ADMA identifies endothelial dysfunction and CV risk whereas SDMA
identifies renal insufficiency and subsequent renal failure
11.what is ACE? - ANSWER angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE is an zinc dependent ecto-enzyme
12.located on:
1. Vascular endothelial cells: lumen and vasa vasorum
2. Media of VSMC
, 13.ACE is ectodermal enzyme on
14.endothelium and VSMC
15.What is angiotensin II? - ANSWER vasoconstrictor
hormone
16.how to inhibit PRR vascular receptors? - ANSWER Curcurmin (Tumeric):
TLR 4, NOD 1 and NOD 2
Cinnamaldehyde: Cinnamin : TLR 4
Sulforaphane: Broccoli : TLR 4
Resveratrol: nutritional supplement, red wine, grapes and grape seed extract:
TLR 1
EGCG (green tea) :TLR 1
Luteolin :celery, green pepper, rosemary, carrots, oregano, oranges, olives : TLR
1
Quercetin: Tea, apples,
Chrysin: TLR 1
17.supplements to reduce CHD and CVD? - ANSWER O3FA
RYR
alpha linolenic acid
niacin
Actual Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. What does insulin resistance do? - ANSWER creates inflammation
reduces NO levels
causes endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease
through the mitogenic activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which is
atherogenic and induces hypertension as opposed to the phophatidylinositol 3
kinase (PI3K) pathway
2. Specific tests to identify inflammation - ANSWER HS-CRP
3. Specific tests to identify oxidative stress: - ANSWER oxLDL and
myeloperoxidase
4. How to increase NO and eNOS? - ANSWER oral nitrates/nitrites, beet
root juice/extracts, dark
green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, polyphenols, vitamin C,
arginine, methylarginines, citrullene, grapefruit juice with PDE inhibitors,
PDE inhibitors ( viagra, cialis, levitra ), BH4, folate, B vitamins, NADH,
NADPH, glutathione(GSH), whey protein, selenium, sulfhydryls, thiols ( Rlipoic
,acid, NAC, MSM), curcumin, quercetin.
5. ADMA and DDAH relation to NO - ANSWER ADMA, an endogenous L-
arginine analogue, reduces NO production by inhibiting the activity of NOS.
ADMA levels in turn, are regulated by DDAH, which metabolises ADMA.
High levels of ADMA and dysregulated DDAH activity are risk factors for
cardiovascular disease and morbidity.
goal=Lower ADMA and increase DDAH activity
6. How to increase ATP? - ANSWER D-Ribose, CoQ10, carnitine, lipoic acid,
Mg++, ALCAR,
cordyceps, ginseng, B-vitamins, FAD, NADH, nicotinamide riboside exercise,
optimal iron and copper.
7. Storage form of NO - ANSWER S -Nitrosothiols (RSNO)
8. PPI and CHD risk - ANSWER PPIs elevate ADMA
decrease NO
Inhibit DDAH ( dimethylarginine
dimethylaminohydrolase enzyme) that degrades
ADMA.
• Impairs acid production in endothelial cell lysosomes
that prevent waste removal and accelerate
,endothelial cell aging
• Increases risk for CHD
• Also increase risk for CKD
9. normal levels of ADMA - ANSWER Normal: 1.0 + 0.1 umol/L
10.ADMA and SDMA - ANSWER ADMA directly blocks eNOS to inhibit NO
production
SDMA indirectly blocks NO production by inhibiting the availability of free L-
Arginine.
ADMA is cleared gradually by degradation while SDMA is cleared rapidly
through the urine
Therefore, ADMA identifies endothelial dysfunction and CV risk whereas SDMA
identifies renal insufficiency and subsequent renal failure
11.what is ACE? - ANSWER angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE is an zinc dependent ecto-enzyme
12.located on:
1. Vascular endothelial cells: lumen and vasa vasorum
2. Media of VSMC
, 13.ACE is ectodermal enzyme on
14.endothelium and VSMC
15.What is angiotensin II? - ANSWER vasoconstrictor
hormone
16.how to inhibit PRR vascular receptors? - ANSWER Curcurmin (Tumeric):
TLR 4, NOD 1 and NOD 2
Cinnamaldehyde: Cinnamin : TLR 4
Sulforaphane: Broccoli : TLR 4
Resveratrol: nutritional supplement, red wine, grapes and grape seed extract:
TLR 1
EGCG (green tea) :TLR 1
Luteolin :celery, green pepper, rosemary, carrots, oregano, oranges, olives : TLR
1
Quercetin: Tea, apples,
Chrysin: TLR 1
17.supplements to reduce CHD and CVD? - ANSWER O3FA
RYR
alpha linolenic acid
niacin
