Patho Elaine Mohn-Brown Quiz 4, Chapters
10-12
1. A. Knowledge Check: What mechanism moves filtrate out of the renal capil- lary?:
Hydrostatic pressure moves filtrate out of the capillary into Bowman's capsule
2. B. Knowledge Check: Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion?: Aldosterone increases sodium retention and potassium
excretion
3. C. Knowledge Check: Does hypertension cause constriction of the afferent or
efferent arterioles? Does this increase or decrease GFR and urine output?-
: Hypertension causes constriction of afferent arterioles that decreases GRF and
subsequently reduces urine output
4. D. Knowledge Check: What substance stimulates RBC production and when is it
made?: Erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in response to tissue hypoxia
caused by anemia, chronic lung or cardiac disease, or high altitude
5. E. Knowledge Check: Why would hematuria and proteinuria reflect a glomerular
problem rather than a renal tubular problem?: These two pathologic conditions only
occur with damage to the glomerular capillary, allowing passage of RBCs or
proteins into the urine
,6. F. Knowledge Check: Which laboratory test most accurately reflects renal
function?: Serum creatinine most accurately reflects renal function.
7. G. Knowledge Check: Why is a renal angiogram ordered for a patient expe- riencing
prolonged symptoms of decreasing urine output?: Renal angiogram would assist in
evaluating renal blood flow through the kidneys to identify possible clots, tumors
or cysts
8. H. Knowledge Check: How would decreased fluid intake contribute to the
development of renal calculi?: Reduced fluid intake increases concentration of
filtrate, leading to stone formation.
9. I. Knowledge Check: Why does hematuria and proteinuria develop
in glomerulonephritis but not pyelonephritis?: Glomerulonephritis damages
glomeruli, causing porous capillary membrane and leakage of protein and RBCs.
In contrast, pyelonephritis damages renal tubules and calyces
10.J. Knowledge Check: Differentiate urine appearance between prerenal and
intrarenal injury.: In prerenal injury, urine is dark and concentrated; whereas in
intrarenal injury, urine appears pale and dilute
11.K. Knowledge Check: Compare and contrast the causes of prerenal, in- trarenal,
and postrenal injury.: * Prerenal from renal hypoperfusion;
* Intrarenal due to structural damage to glomeruli, tubules, or interstitium
* Postrenal from obstruction of urine outflow
12.L. Knowledge Check: Explain the relationship between calcium, phos- phate,
, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone.: Calcium and phosphate have an inverse
relationship. This means that when calcium levels drop, phosphate levels
increase.
Increased phosphate levels decrease Vitamin D formation, contributing to hypocal-
cemia. Hypocalcemia triggers parathyroid hormone release
13.M. Knowledge Check: Why does CKD cause hypoalbuminemia? (Hint: review
glomerular filtration.): In renal failure, the glomerular capillaries become more
permeable to protein. Albumin, one of the plasma proteins, is lost so the patient
develops hypoalbuminemia, resulting in edema
14.N. Knowledge Check: Why would a patient with CKD develop dysrhyth- mias?:
CKD decreases excretion of potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia that can lead to
dysrhythmias
15.O. Knowledge Check: Why does CKD increase risk for impaired skin in- tegrity?:
Poor nutrition from anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and metallic taste in mouth affects
skin integrity. Increased phosphate levels cause pruritus, causing patients to have
skin breakdown from constant scratching. This increases the potential for bacterial
invasion.
16.What does autoregulation do when blood pressure drops?: Autoregulation will
increase the GFR and BP when blood pressure drops.
17.What laboratory result would be a strong indicator of acute glomeru-
lonephritis?: Positive antistreptolysin O titer
10-12
1. A. Knowledge Check: What mechanism moves filtrate out of the renal capil- lary?:
Hydrostatic pressure moves filtrate out of the capillary into Bowman's capsule
2. B. Knowledge Check: Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion?: Aldosterone increases sodium retention and potassium
excretion
3. C. Knowledge Check: Does hypertension cause constriction of the afferent or
efferent arterioles? Does this increase or decrease GFR and urine output?-
: Hypertension causes constriction of afferent arterioles that decreases GRF and
subsequently reduces urine output
4. D. Knowledge Check: What substance stimulates RBC production and when is it
made?: Erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in response to tissue hypoxia
caused by anemia, chronic lung or cardiac disease, or high altitude
5. E. Knowledge Check: Why would hematuria and proteinuria reflect a glomerular
problem rather than a renal tubular problem?: These two pathologic conditions only
occur with damage to the glomerular capillary, allowing passage of RBCs or
proteins into the urine
,6. F. Knowledge Check: Which laboratory test most accurately reflects renal
function?: Serum creatinine most accurately reflects renal function.
7. G. Knowledge Check: Why is a renal angiogram ordered for a patient expe- riencing
prolonged symptoms of decreasing urine output?: Renal angiogram would assist in
evaluating renal blood flow through the kidneys to identify possible clots, tumors
or cysts
8. H. Knowledge Check: How would decreased fluid intake contribute to the
development of renal calculi?: Reduced fluid intake increases concentration of
filtrate, leading to stone formation.
9. I. Knowledge Check: Why does hematuria and proteinuria develop
in glomerulonephritis but not pyelonephritis?: Glomerulonephritis damages
glomeruli, causing porous capillary membrane and leakage of protein and RBCs.
In contrast, pyelonephritis damages renal tubules and calyces
10.J. Knowledge Check: Differentiate urine appearance between prerenal and
intrarenal injury.: In prerenal injury, urine is dark and concentrated; whereas in
intrarenal injury, urine appears pale and dilute
11.K. Knowledge Check: Compare and contrast the causes of prerenal, in- trarenal,
and postrenal injury.: * Prerenal from renal hypoperfusion;
* Intrarenal due to structural damage to glomeruli, tubules, or interstitium
* Postrenal from obstruction of urine outflow
12.L. Knowledge Check: Explain the relationship between calcium, phos- phate,
, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone.: Calcium and phosphate have an inverse
relationship. This means that when calcium levels drop, phosphate levels
increase.
Increased phosphate levels decrease Vitamin D formation, contributing to hypocal-
cemia. Hypocalcemia triggers parathyroid hormone release
13.M. Knowledge Check: Why does CKD cause hypoalbuminemia? (Hint: review
glomerular filtration.): In renal failure, the glomerular capillaries become more
permeable to protein. Albumin, one of the plasma proteins, is lost so the patient
develops hypoalbuminemia, resulting in edema
14.N. Knowledge Check: Why would a patient with CKD develop dysrhyth- mias?:
CKD decreases excretion of potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia that can lead to
dysrhythmias
15.O. Knowledge Check: Why does CKD increase risk for impaired skin in- tegrity?:
Poor nutrition from anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and metallic taste in mouth affects
skin integrity. Increased phosphate levels cause pruritus, causing patients to have
skin breakdown from constant scratching. This increases the potential for bacterial
invasion.
16.What does autoregulation do when blood pressure drops?: Autoregulation will
increase the GFR and BP when blood pressure drops.
17.What laboratory result would be a strong indicator of acute glomeru-
lonephritis?: Positive antistreptolysin O titer
