NSG 3100 Exam #3 – Questions With Correct Solutions
What is enuresis? Right Ans - Involuntary urination in children beyond the
age when normal bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? Right Ans - Child who has established proper
bladder control for a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to
wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) Right Ans - 1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? Right Ans -
Toxicity from medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? Right Ans -
Bladder (urgency & frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? Right Ans -
Enlarged prostate gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? Right Ans
- Weakened muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter
after menopause (results from decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent
urination? (5) Right Ans - 1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
Urinary habits depend on what? (3) Right Ans - 1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
,Which factors affect urination? (7) Right Ans - 1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) Right Ans - 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? Right Ans - 1. Meds affecting ANS
cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water &
electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? Right Ans - Muscle tone is needed
to maintain the stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder
can fill & empty completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? Right Ans -
Stress: loss of urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal
pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? Right Ans - Inability to empty bladder
completely, resulting in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? Right Ans - Inhibits the production of
ADH
What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) Right Ans - 1,400-
1,500 mL
, What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) Right Ans - 1,200-
1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) Right Ans - 2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? Right Ans - The amount of fluid lost on a daily
basis from the lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces;
the exact amount cannot be measured
What is obligatory water loss? Right Ans - Fluid loss that is required to
maintain normal body function; necessary for temp regulation and
elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) Right Ans -
1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? Right Ans - Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? Right Ans - 6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) Right Ans -
1. Blood osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete
ADH
3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? Right Ans - 1.
Blood osmolality decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity Right Ans - 1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a
guaiac positive result. Right Ans - False, should be blue
What is enuresis? Right Ans - Involuntary urination in children beyond the
age when normal bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? Right Ans - Child who has established proper
bladder control for a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to
wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) Right Ans - 1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? Right Ans -
Toxicity from medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? Right Ans -
Bladder (urgency & frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? Right Ans -
Enlarged prostate gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? Right Ans
- Weakened muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter
after menopause (results from decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent
urination? (5) Right Ans - 1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
Urinary habits depend on what? (3) Right Ans - 1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
,Which factors affect urination? (7) Right Ans - 1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) Right Ans - 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? Right Ans - 1. Meds affecting ANS
cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water &
electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? Right Ans - Muscle tone is needed
to maintain the stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder
can fill & empty completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? Right Ans -
Stress: loss of urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal
pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? Right Ans - Inability to empty bladder
completely, resulting in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? Right Ans - Inhibits the production of
ADH
What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) Right Ans - 1,400-
1,500 mL
, What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) Right Ans - 1,200-
1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) Right Ans - 2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? Right Ans - The amount of fluid lost on a daily
basis from the lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces;
the exact amount cannot be measured
What is obligatory water loss? Right Ans - Fluid loss that is required to
maintain normal body function; necessary for temp regulation and
elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) Right Ans -
1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? Right Ans - Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? Right Ans - 6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) Right Ans -
1. Blood osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete
ADH
3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? Right Ans - 1.
Blood osmolality decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity Right Ans - 1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a
guaiac positive result. Right Ans - False, should be blue
