GMS6402 Final Exam Questions with Answers
1. Why does air move into the trachea and not the espohogus?: The epiglottis
prevents air from moving into the espohogus, and food/water into the trachea
2. how are the conducting and alveolar airways in the lung different?: conduction
airways do not exchange air, just warm, clean, and humidify it. Alveolar airways
exchange O and CO2
3. How are the conducting and alveolar airways in the lung similar?: Both conducting
and alveolar airways get smaller the farther the progress form the mouth
4. How much doe the lungs weigh?: 2.5 pounds each
5. How many lobes do the left lung have?: 2 lobes
6. How many lobes does the right lung have?: 3 lobes
7. The fissure horizontal and obliques give rise to the: lobes
8. What is the anatomical hallmark that indicates the position of the left
ventricle?: Cardiac notch
9. where does the 100% cardiac output goes to the lungs: the right ventricle
10.the conducting zone spans for the Z0 to Z16. what is the volume of air held?:
150, no gas exchange takes place here.
11.histologically, the conducting airways are surrounded by either think lay- ers of:
cartilage and/or smooth muscle
,12.terminal bronchioles are the last of the airway tubes and are character- ized
histologically as having an: epithelial cell layering, but lacking cartilage and
smooth muscle
13.the function of the conducting airways is the clean, warm, and humidify the air. The
air is cleaned as foreign particles are trapped in the: branching of the conducting
airways and propelled upward via beating cilia
14.Z17-Z23 begins the respiratory bronchioles and is characterized by the: -
appearance of alveoli
15.During normal, breathing there is of air in the alveolar airways: -
2500-3000mls
16.alveoli's are surrounded by: type 1 and type 2 epithelia
17.What is segmental Bronchi (Z4-Z7)?: Plates of cartilage give way to smooth
muscle. The smooth muscle can constrict very forcibly
18.what are terminal bronchioles?: Z16 no cartilage and significantly less smooth
muscle, no gas exchange here
19.What are Respiratory Bronchioles (Z17): appearance of alveoli. No cartilage and
no smooth muscle. a single layer of type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells.
Type 2 cells make surfactant
20.How do the pores functions in the alveolus?: the pore are between each
alveolus adjacent alveoli to each other
21.What is path of oxygen diffusion?: 1. Alveolar fluid
,2. Alveolar epithelium
3. Epithelial basement membrane
4. interstitial space
5. capillary basement membrane
6. capillary endothelial cell membrane
7. blood
8. red cell membrane
22.During normal "TIDAL VOLUME" breathing, we breath in/out: 0.5 liters of air per
breath
23.On average, a RBC will spend 0.75csec in capillary network and will traverse:
3 alveoli
24.muscles of inspiration: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, parasternal, external
intercostals, diaphragm
25.muscles of expiration: internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (rectus
abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis)
26.When the diaphragm contracts during: inspiration it moves down
27.When it relaxes during: expiration is moves up
28.Vt (tidal volume): is the amount of air inhales exhaled with a normal breath
from the resting level (0.5L)
29.ERV (expiratory reserve volume): is the volume of air that can be expelled after
, normal tidal expiration (2L)
30.RV (residual volume): amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced
expiration (1.2L)
31.Forces Vital Capacity (FVC): is the amount of air which can be forcibly exhales
from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible (5L)
32.Vital Capacity (VC): is the volume of air that is exhales after maximal inspiration
(5L) ERV + VT + IRV
33.Total Lung Capacity (TLC): is the maximum volume to which the lungs can be
expanded (6L) RV+VC
34.Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): is the amount of air left in the lungs are a
tidal volume breath (2.5L)RV + ERV
35.Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a
a normal inspiration (2.5L)
36.Inspiratory Capacity (IC): is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs
after normal 8 expiration (3L)
37.Can spirometry measure residual volume (RV)?: No, spirometry can only
accurately measures vital capacity and all the components within it.
38.What is residual volumes measured?: helium dilution
39.How can transpulmonary pressure be measures?: in cm H2O
40.At the beginning of a normal tidal volumebreath, the pressure in the alveoli is: 0
cm H2O (atmosphere)
1. Why does air move into the trachea and not the espohogus?: The epiglottis
prevents air from moving into the espohogus, and food/water into the trachea
2. how are the conducting and alveolar airways in the lung different?: conduction
airways do not exchange air, just warm, clean, and humidify it. Alveolar airways
exchange O and CO2
3. How are the conducting and alveolar airways in the lung similar?: Both conducting
and alveolar airways get smaller the farther the progress form the mouth
4. How much doe the lungs weigh?: 2.5 pounds each
5. How many lobes do the left lung have?: 2 lobes
6. How many lobes does the right lung have?: 3 lobes
7. The fissure horizontal and obliques give rise to the: lobes
8. What is the anatomical hallmark that indicates the position of the left
ventricle?: Cardiac notch
9. where does the 100% cardiac output goes to the lungs: the right ventricle
10.the conducting zone spans for the Z0 to Z16. what is the volume of air held?:
150, no gas exchange takes place here.
11.histologically, the conducting airways are surrounded by either think lay- ers of:
cartilage and/or smooth muscle
,12.terminal bronchioles are the last of the airway tubes and are character- ized
histologically as having an: epithelial cell layering, but lacking cartilage and
smooth muscle
13.the function of the conducting airways is the clean, warm, and humidify the air. The
air is cleaned as foreign particles are trapped in the: branching of the conducting
airways and propelled upward via beating cilia
14.Z17-Z23 begins the respiratory bronchioles and is characterized by the: -
appearance of alveoli
15.During normal, breathing there is of air in the alveolar airways: -
2500-3000mls
16.alveoli's are surrounded by: type 1 and type 2 epithelia
17.What is segmental Bronchi (Z4-Z7)?: Plates of cartilage give way to smooth
muscle. The smooth muscle can constrict very forcibly
18.what are terminal bronchioles?: Z16 no cartilage and significantly less smooth
muscle, no gas exchange here
19.What are Respiratory Bronchioles (Z17): appearance of alveoli. No cartilage and
no smooth muscle. a single layer of type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells.
Type 2 cells make surfactant
20.How do the pores functions in the alveolus?: the pore are between each
alveolus adjacent alveoli to each other
21.What is path of oxygen diffusion?: 1. Alveolar fluid
,2. Alveolar epithelium
3. Epithelial basement membrane
4. interstitial space
5. capillary basement membrane
6. capillary endothelial cell membrane
7. blood
8. red cell membrane
22.During normal "TIDAL VOLUME" breathing, we breath in/out: 0.5 liters of air per
breath
23.On average, a RBC will spend 0.75csec in capillary network and will traverse:
3 alveoli
24.muscles of inspiration: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, parasternal, external
intercostals, diaphragm
25.muscles of expiration: internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (rectus
abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis)
26.When the diaphragm contracts during: inspiration it moves down
27.When it relaxes during: expiration is moves up
28.Vt (tidal volume): is the amount of air inhales exhaled with a normal breath
from the resting level (0.5L)
29.ERV (expiratory reserve volume): is the volume of air that can be expelled after
, normal tidal expiration (2L)
30.RV (residual volume): amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced
expiration (1.2L)
31.Forces Vital Capacity (FVC): is the amount of air which can be forcibly exhales
from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible (5L)
32.Vital Capacity (VC): is the volume of air that is exhales after maximal inspiration
(5L) ERV + VT + IRV
33.Total Lung Capacity (TLC): is the maximum volume to which the lungs can be
expanded (6L) RV+VC
34.Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): is the amount of air left in the lungs are a
tidal volume breath (2.5L)RV + ERV
35.Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a
a normal inspiration (2.5L)
36.Inspiratory Capacity (IC): is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs
after normal 8 expiration (3L)
37.Can spirometry measure residual volume (RV)?: No, spirometry can only
accurately measures vital capacity and all the components within it.
38.What is residual volumes measured?: helium dilution
39.How can transpulmonary pressure be measures?: in cm H2O
40.At the beginning of a normal tidal volumebreath, the pressure in the alveoli is: 0
cm H2O (atmosphere)
