Biol 320 Final Exam
BIOL 320 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
A patient of kidney failure has kidney dialysis several times every week. do you think that is a
permanent treatment or he still needs kidney transplantation?
A. no need for transplantation
B. no need for transplantation
C. no, since other organs can compensate for the misfunction of failed kidney
D. yes, he needs a transplantation, since dialysis is only able to do some of the function of
health kidneys, but it is not a cure for kidney disease - ANSWER-D. yes, he needs a
transplantation, since dialysis is only able to do some of the function of health kidneys, but it is
not a cure for kidney disease
what is the site for most reabsorption for NaCl - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubules
___ does not affect your blood pressure instead it works together with angiotensin and
aldosterone to reduce blood pressure and thus blood flow
what is it secreted by? - ANSWER-renin
juxta-glomerular cells in the afferent arteriole wall
___ are chemoreceptors and detect blood pressure - ANSWER-macula densa in distal
convoluted tubules
____ are interconnected with gap junctions and may pass signals between mecula densa and
granular - ANSWER-mesangial cells
1|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
how does blood flow into the kidney - ANSWER-renal artery
where does flow out of the kidney? - ANSWER-renal vein
There is relatively ___ blood pressure (compared to the PCD and DCT) so this creates strongly
outward force pushing fluid ____ of capillaries in glomerulus - ANSWER-high
out
what forces blood to move from afferent to efferent arterioles? - ANSWER-blood pressure in
afferent is higher than efferent
blood flow moves from ___ to ___ pressure - ANSWER-high
low
____ is a key issure in the process of filtration - ANSWER-permeability
What are the 3 main steps of filtration? - ANSWER-1. filtration membrane (capillary
endothelium)
2. basement membrane
3. foot processes of podocyte of glomerular capsul
Where is the site of blood filtration? - ANSWER-glomerulus
As blood flows through glomerulus, __ blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the ____
into the ___ through a filtration member and thus glomerular filtration beings. - ANSWER-high
capillaries
capsule
2|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
where does reabsorption of amino acids occur? - ANSWER-proximal convoluted tubule
Where does reabsorption of vitamins occur? - ANSWER-proximal convoluted tubule
Where does reabsorption of water occur? - ANSWER-global fenen
Where does reabsorption of sodium and calcium occur? - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubule
Waste ions and hydrogen ions pass from the capillaries into the renal tubule this is called -
ANSWER-secretion
the urine flows out of the ___ tubules into a _____ duct, then to the ___ pelvis, into the ___,
and down to the __. - ANSWER-nephron
collecting
renal
ureter
bladder
What factors affect governing GFR in filtration? - ANSWER-surface area
permeability
glomerular blood pressure is high
net filtration pressure
if GFR is too high what happens - ANSWER-needed substances cannot be reabsorbed and are
lost
3|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
What hormone does the kidney produce? - ANSWER-renin
The glomerulus exists in the ____ - ANSWER-cortex
____ ___ brings blood to be filtered in Glomerulus no blood cells or plasma proteins will be
filtered - ANSWER-afferent arteriole
___= reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, bicarbonate, H+ ions - ANSWER-proximal
convoluted tubules
___= reabsorption of most water - ANSWER-Henle's loop
___= reabsorption of most NaCl - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubules
___= reabsorption of water - ANSWER-collectint ducts
make sure to know slide 12 on chap. 26 in exam 4 folder -
podocytes are only in the ___ layer become you need permeability - ANSWER-visceral
lots of podocytes is ___ normal in a patient - ANSWER-not
A patient has a sever inflammation in the renal cortex and the remaining structures of the
kidney are normal. Do you think that this inflammation affects the kidney function?
A. no, since the functional unit of the kidney, the nephron, exists entirely in the renal medulla
B. no, since the kidney layers can compensate for the function of the renal cortex
C. yes, since the glomeruli of the nephron exist in the renal cortex
4|Page
BIOL 320 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
A patient of kidney failure has kidney dialysis several times every week. do you think that is a
permanent treatment or he still needs kidney transplantation?
A. no need for transplantation
B. no need for transplantation
C. no, since other organs can compensate for the misfunction of failed kidney
D. yes, he needs a transplantation, since dialysis is only able to do some of the function of
health kidneys, but it is not a cure for kidney disease - ANSWER-D. yes, he needs a
transplantation, since dialysis is only able to do some of the function of health kidneys, but it is
not a cure for kidney disease
what is the site for most reabsorption for NaCl - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubules
___ does not affect your blood pressure instead it works together with angiotensin and
aldosterone to reduce blood pressure and thus blood flow
what is it secreted by? - ANSWER-renin
juxta-glomerular cells in the afferent arteriole wall
___ are chemoreceptors and detect blood pressure - ANSWER-macula densa in distal
convoluted tubules
____ are interconnected with gap junctions and may pass signals between mecula densa and
granular - ANSWER-mesangial cells
1|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
how does blood flow into the kidney - ANSWER-renal artery
where does flow out of the kidney? - ANSWER-renal vein
There is relatively ___ blood pressure (compared to the PCD and DCT) so this creates strongly
outward force pushing fluid ____ of capillaries in glomerulus - ANSWER-high
out
what forces blood to move from afferent to efferent arterioles? - ANSWER-blood pressure in
afferent is higher than efferent
blood flow moves from ___ to ___ pressure - ANSWER-high
low
____ is a key issure in the process of filtration - ANSWER-permeability
What are the 3 main steps of filtration? - ANSWER-1. filtration membrane (capillary
endothelium)
2. basement membrane
3. foot processes of podocyte of glomerular capsul
Where is the site of blood filtration? - ANSWER-glomerulus
As blood flows through glomerulus, __ blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the ____
into the ___ through a filtration member and thus glomerular filtration beings. - ANSWER-high
capillaries
capsule
2|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
where does reabsorption of amino acids occur? - ANSWER-proximal convoluted tubule
Where does reabsorption of vitamins occur? - ANSWER-proximal convoluted tubule
Where does reabsorption of water occur? - ANSWER-global fenen
Where does reabsorption of sodium and calcium occur? - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubule
Waste ions and hydrogen ions pass from the capillaries into the renal tubule this is called -
ANSWER-secretion
the urine flows out of the ___ tubules into a _____ duct, then to the ___ pelvis, into the ___,
and down to the __. - ANSWER-nephron
collecting
renal
ureter
bladder
What factors affect governing GFR in filtration? - ANSWER-surface area
permeability
glomerular blood pressure is high
net filtration pressure
if GFR is too high what happens - ANSWER-needed substances cannot be reabsorbed and are
lost
3|Page
, Biol 320 Final Exam
What hormone does the kidney produce? - ANSWER-renin
The glomerulus exists in the ____ - ANSWER-cortex
____ ___ brings blood to be filtered in Glomerulus no blood cells or plasma proteins will be
filtered - ANSWER-afferent arteriole
___= reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, bicarbonate, H+ ions - ANSWER-proximal
convoluted tubules
___= reabsorption of most water - ANSWER-Henle's loop
___= reabsorption of most NaCl - ANSWER-distal convoluted tubules
___= reabsorption of water - ANSWER-collectint ducts
make sure to know slide 12 on chap. 26 in exam 4 folder -
podocytes are only in the ___ layer become you need permeability - ANSWER-visceral
lots of podocytes is ___ normal in a patient - ANSWER-not
A patient has a sever inflammation in the renal cortex and the remaining structures of the
kidney are normal. Do you think that this inflammation affects the kidney function?
A. no, since the functional unit of the kidney, the nephron, exists entirely in the renal medulla
B. no, since the kidney layers can compensate for the function of the renal cortex
C. yes, since the glomeruli of the nephron exist in the renal cortex
4|Page
