BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide (Straighter Line
A&P II)
Viscosity of Blood? -
twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system?
-
20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood -
55% plasma, 45% formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? -
-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? -
91%
water 7%
proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? -
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What solutes are found in blood plasma? -
Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders
- Anemia and sickle-cell
What is sickle-cell disease? -
an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an
abnormal form of hemoglobin
What is anemia? -
a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? -
~5 1/4 Quarts per minute
1
, What are action potentials? -
Sequence of electrical changes when a nerve membrane receives a
stimulus that exceeds a threshold
What is depolarization? -
Loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What is Repolarization? -
Gain of electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? -
generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow,
regulating blood supply
What are the two divisions of the
heart? - Pulmonary Circuit and
What are the components of the heart? -
Pericardium, Heart Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? -
Double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and reduces friction
between pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? -
Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? -
Receive and return blood from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? -
prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? -
The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral
and aortic valves on the left side.
Blood flow through the heart -
SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve -->
Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve -->
aorta --> Body
Arteries -
carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic
Veins -
2
A&P II)
Viscosity of Blood? -
twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system?
-
20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood -
55% plasma, 45% formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? -
-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? -
91%
water 7%
proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? -
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What solutes are found in blood plasma? -
Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders
- Anemia and sickle-cell
What is sickle-cell disease? -
an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an
abnormal form of hemoglobin
What is anemia? -
a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? -
~5 1/4 Quarts per minute
1
, What are action potentials? -
Sequence of electrical changes when a nerve membrane receives a
stimulus that exceeds a threshold
What is depolarization? -
Loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What is Repolarization? -
Gain of electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? -
generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow,
regulating blood supply
What are the two divisions of the
heart? - Pulmonary Circuit and
What are the components of the heart? -
Pericardium, Heart Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? -
Double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and reduces friction
between pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? -
Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? -
Receive and return blood from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? -
prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? -
The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral
and aortic valves on the left side.
Blood flow through the heart -
SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve -->
Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve -->
aorta --> Body
Arteries -
carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic
Veins -
2
