, TESTBANK for Psychology Around Us, 3e
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, CHAPTER 1
PSYCHOLOGY: YESTERDAY AND TODAY
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviour.
The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental
processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals
more than others.
The study of psychology must occur at multiple levels, including the level of the brain (the
biological activity associated with mental processes and behaviour), the level of the person
(the content of mental processes), and the level of the group (social influences on
behaviour).
2. Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Early explanations of human behaviour were rooted in superstition and magic.
Later, philosophers, beginning with the ancient Greeks, tried to develop more objective
theories of human consciousness and reality.
The work of such early philosophers as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
contributed to the later formation of psychology as a natural science.
3. Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research
methods.
The development of psychology has been strongly influenced by shifts in the social
environment and development of new technology.
The first psychology laboratory was founded in Leipzig, Germany, by physiologist Wilhelm
Wundt. Wundt was interested in human consciousness and will, which he studied through
small, structured activities that could be easily watched and replicated.
Structuralism, a school of thought developed by one of Wundt’s students, relied upon the
use of introspection, the careful observation of human perception. The goal of the
structuralists was to find the smallest building blocks of consciousness.
William James established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard.
He helped shift the field’s focus to the functions of mental events and behaviours, forming a
school of thought known as functionalism.
Gestalt psychologists studied human tendencies to perceive pattern rather than dividing
consciousness into its smallest parts. They focused on putting together the “parts,” or
individual sensations, to create a “whole” or perception that went beyond the sum of the
parts.
4. Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic,
cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Over the years, different fields of psychology emerged, with different ideas about what was
the appropriate area of study for human psychology. Some of the most influential fields
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-2
were the psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience schools of
thought.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory focused on the importance of unconscious mental
processes.
Behaviourists believed strongly that psychology should restrict its focus to the careful study
of observable behaviours.
Humanistic psychologists reacted against the mechanical portrayals of people by the
behaviourists, and emphasized individuals’ potential for growth and self-actualization.
Cognitive psychologists reignited interest in the study of mental processes, comparing the
workings of the mind to the workings of computers.
Biological science, including interest in the workings of the brain and in our genetic
inheritance, was the major influence on neuroscience approaches.
5. Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in
psychology.
The theoretical and cultural diversity of the field of psychology has increased dramatically
over recent years.
There are three key branches of psychology: academic, applied, and clinical/counselling.
Across the three branches and many specialty areas in psychology, psychologists are
united by their shared values. Psychologists generally agree that psychology is theory-
driven, empirical, multi-level, and contextual.
Currently, psychology appears to be developing as a science in response to a growing
diversity throughout the field, advances in technology (such as brain scanning), and the
development of new schools such as positive psychology.
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-3 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
2. The person level of analysis may include how intelligence or motivation influences behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
3. The history of psychology (and most other sciences) drew heavily on philosophy.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
4. Socrates believed that “truth” is an objective concept that is NOT dependent on perception.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
5. Darwin argued that dihybrid crossing was responsible for the characteristics that survive in a
population.
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-4
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
6. Voluntarism focused on the belief that a person’s free will ultimately determines human
behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
7. Functionalists viewed the mind as an ever-changing stream of mental events that respond to
changing environments.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
8. Gestalt psychology is named after the German psychologist, Ernst Gestalt, who coined the
term.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
9. Wundt believed that the unconscious mind, rather than the conscious mind, was instrumental
in predicting behaviour.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-5 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
10. Jasmine is a psychiatrist specializing in childhood trauma. She believes that childhood
events form the basis of the adult personality. Jasmine is most likely a psychoanalyst.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
11. Behaviourists argue that researchers should only study what they can observe.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
12. Negative reinforcement is often confused with punishment.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
13. According to humanists, all people have the potential for creativity, positive outlook, and the
pursuit of higher values.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-6
14. The psychobiology/neuroscience approach emphasizes the importance of brain structure
and brain activity as explanations for behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
15. Hebb is credited with coining the term “cell assembly.”
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
16. Most psychologists work in the counselling or clinical branch of psychology.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Conceptual
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
17. A clinical psychologist is the same as a psychiatrist.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Conceptual
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
18. Josette works at a university and conducts research in her lab. Josette is most likely in the
academic branch of psychology.
Answer: True
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-7 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
19. Psychology does NOT rely on controlled observations or experimentation.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
20. Bae believes in the importance of culture and shared responsibility to those in his family and
social group. His views could be described as collectivistic.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-8
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
21. Your text defines psychology as
a) the study of how humans change.
b) the study of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
c) the study of mental processes and behaviours.
d) the study of how humans fit in society.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
22. Psychology is defined as
a) the science of behaviour.
b) the study of mental processes.
c) the study of mental disorders and their treatment.
d) the science of behaviour and mental processes.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
23. Alison is trying to decide what her major should be in university, so she talks to her guidance
counsellor. Alison realizes that she is very interested in learning about people, specifically, their
mental processes and behaviours. What would be the best major for Alison, given her interests?
a) sociology
b) anthropology
c) psychology
d) political science
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
Canadian Comer
Hello all ,
We have all what you need with best price
Our email :
Our website :
testbanks-store.com
, CHAPTER 1
PSYCHOLOGY: YESTERDAY AND TODAY
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviour.
The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental
processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals
more than others.
The study of psychology must occur at multiple levels, including the level of the brain (the
biological activity associated with mental processes and behaviour), the level of the person
(the content of mental processes), and the level of the group (social influences on
behaviour).
2. Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Early explanations of human behaviour were rooted in superstition and magic.
Later, philosophers, beginning with the ancient Greeks, tried to develop more objective
theories of human consciousness and reality.
The work of such early philosophers as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
contributed to the later formation of psychology as a natural science.
3. Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research
methods.
The development of psychology has been strongly influenced by shifts in the social
environment and development of new technology.
The first psychology laboratory was founded in Leipzig, Germany, by physiologist Wilhelm
Wundt. Wundt was interested in human consciousness and will, which he studied through
small, structured activities that could be easily watched and replicated.
Structuralism, a school of thought developed by one of Wundt’s students, relied upon the
use of introspection, the careful observation of human perception. The goal of the
structuralists was to find the smallest building blocks of consciousness.
William James established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard.
He helped shift the field’s focus to the functions of mental events and behaviours, forming a
school of thought known as functionalism.
Gestalt psychologists studied human tendencies to perceive pattern rather than dividing
consciousness into its smallest parts. They focused on putting together the “parts,” or
individual sensations, to create a “whole” or perception that went beyond the sum of the
parts.
4. Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic,
cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Over the years, different fields of psychology emerged, with different ideas about what was
the appropriate area of study for human psychology. Some of the most influential fields
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-2
were the psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience schools of
thought.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory focused on the importance of unconscious mental
processes.
Behaviourists believed strongly that psychology should restrict its focus to the careful study
of observable behaviours.
Humanistic psychologists reacted against the mechanical portrayals of people by the
behaviourists, and emphasized individuals’ potential for growth and self-actualization.
Cognitive psychologists reignited interest in the study of mental processes, comparing the
workings of the mind to the workings of computers.
Biological science, including interest in the workings of the brain and in our genetic
inheritance, was the major influence on neuroscience approaches.
5. Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in
psychology.
The theoretical and cultural diversity of the field of psychology has increased dramatically
over recent years.
There are three key branches of psychology: academic, applied, and clinical/counselling.
Across the three branches and many specialty areas in psychology, psychologists are
united by their shared values. Psychologists generally agree that psychology is theory-
driven, empirical, multi-level, and contextual.
Currently, psychology appears to be developing as a science in response to a growing
diversity throughout the field, advances in technology (such as brain scanning), and the
development of new schools such as positive psychology.
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-3 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
2. The person level of analysis may include how intelligence or motivation influences behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
3. The history of psychology (and most other sciences) drew heavily on philosophy.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
4. Socrates believed that “truth” is an objective concept that is NOT dependent on perception.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
5. Darwin argued that dihybrid crossing was responsible for the characteristics that survive in a
population.
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-4
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
6. Voluntarism focused on the belief that a person’s free will ultimately determines human
behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
7. Functionalists viewed the mind as an ever-changing stream of mental events that respond to
changing environments.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
8. Gestalt psychology is named after the German psychologist, Ernst Gestalt, who coined the
term.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and
research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
9. Wundt believed that the unconscious mind, rather than the conscious mind, was instrumental
in predicting behaviour.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-5 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
10. Jasmine is a psychiatrist specializing in childhood trauma. She believes that childhood
events form the basis of the adult personality. Jasmine is most likely a psychoanalyst.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
11. Behaviourists argue that researchers should only study what they can observe.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
12. Negative reinforcement is often confused with punishment.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
13. According to humanists, all people have the potential for creativity, positive outlook, and the
pursuit of higher values.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-6
14. The psychobiology/neuroscience approach emphasizes the importance of brain structure
and brain activity as explanations for behaviour.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
15. Hebb is credited with coining the term “cell assembly.”
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist,
humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
16. Most psychologists work in the counselling or clinical branch of psychology.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Conceptual
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
17. A clinical psychologist is the same as a psychiatrist.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Conceptual
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
18. Josette works at a university and conducts research in her lab. Josette is most likely in the
academic branch of psychology.
Answer: True
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
,1-7 Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Third Canadian Edition
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
19. Psychology does NOT rely on controlled observations or experimentation.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
20. Bae believes in the importance of culture and shared responsibility to those in his family and
social group. His views could be described as collectivistic.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key
trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
, Psychology: Yesterday and Today 1-8
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
21. Your text defines psychology as
a) the study of how humans change.
b) the study of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
c) the study of mental processes and behaviours.
d) the study of how humans fit in society.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
22. Psychology is defined as
a) the science of behaviour.
b) the study of mental processes.
c) the study of mental disorders and their treatment.
d) the science of behaviour and mental processes.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
23. Alison is trying to decide what her major should be in university, so she talks to her guidance
counsellor. Alison realizes that she is very interested in learning about people, specifically, their
mental processes and behaviours. What would be the best major for Alison, given her interests?
a) sociology
b) anthropology
c) psychology
d) political science
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
