Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
k k k k k
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Howkdoeskhypoalbuminemiakaffectkthekprocesskofkprescribing?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLowkalbumink=kmorekfreekdrugk(bckthekdrugkcan'tkbindktokalbuminkakakpr
otein)k=kincreasedkadversekeffects
WhatkiskakBlackkBoxkWarning:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkiskconsideredkakcontraindicationktokadministerkthatkdrug.
Whatkiskthekdrugskhalf-life?k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkHalf-
lifekspecificallykmeanskthekamountkofktimekitktakeskforkankadministeredkdrugktokbekhalfwaykclea
redkfromktheksystem.
Peakkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkdrugkadministration kandkmaximumkconcentration kofk
drugkinkthekbloodkstream.kBestktherapeutickeffect.
Durationkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkonsetkofkactionkandkmetabolismkofkdrugkbelowkthekmi
nimumkneededkforkankeffect.kTheklengthkofktimekyoukhavekthekdrugkinkyourksystem.
AccordingktokthekWHOkwhatkiskthekfirstkstepkinkthekprescribingkprocess?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfirstkstepkisktokdefinekthekpatient'skproblem
Theksecondkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkspecifykthektherapeutickobjective
Thekthirdkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkchoosekwhichkdrugkorktreatmentkiskneeded.
Stepk4kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkStartkthektreatment
Stepk5kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkEducatekthekpatient
Stepk6kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkMonitorkthektreatment
Phasek1kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekdrugkisktestedkonkhealthykvolunteers
,Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
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Phasek2kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkktrialskwithkpeoplekwhokhavekthekdiseasekforkwhichkthekdrugkiskthoughtkto
kbekeffective
Phasek3kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLargeknumberskofkpatientskinkmedicalkresearchkcenterskreceivekthekdrugki
nkphasek3.kThisklargerksamplingkprovideskinformationkaboutkinfrequentkorkrarekadversekeffects.k
ThekFFAkwillkapprovekaknewkdrugkapplicationkifkphasek3kstudieskareksatisfactory.
Phasek4kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThiskphasekiskvoluntarykandkinvolveskpostmarketksurveillancekofkthekdrug
'sktherapeutickeffectskatkthekcompletionkofkphasek3.kThekpharmaceuticalkcompanykreceiveskrep
ortskfromkdoctorskandkotherkhealthkcarekprofessionalskaboutkthektherapeutickresultskandkadver
sekeffectskofkthekdrug.kSomekmedications,kforkexample,khavekbeenkfoundktokbektoxickandkhavekb
eenkremovedkfromkthekmarketkafterktheirkinitialkrelease.
Explainkfirstkpasskmetabolismk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkmuchkofkthekdrugkisklostkinkthekabsorptionkprocess.kThekliverkmetabolizes
kmanykdrugs,kthuskreduceskthekbioavailabiltykofkthekdrug.
Whatkiskthekfastedkroutekofkabsorption:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfastestkroutekofkabsorptionkiskinhalation,kandknotkaskmistakenlykcons
ideredkthekIVkadministration.
WhykdoeskthekGIktractktakeklongerktokabsorb?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekGIktractkisklinedkwithkepithelialkcells;kdrugskmustkpermeatekthroughkt
hesekcellskinkorderktokbekabsorbedkintokthekcirculatoryksystem.
WhatkiskOnekparticularkcellularkbarrierkthatkmaykpreventkabsorptionkofkakgivenkdrug?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthekcellkmembrane.kCellkmembraneskarekessentiallyklipidkbilayerskwhichkf
ormkaksemipermeablekmembrane.kPureklipidkbilayerskarekgenerallykpermeablekonlyktoksmallkan
dkunchargedksolutes,khencekwhetherkorknotkakmoleculekiskionizedkwillkaffectkitskabsorption,ksinc
ekionickmoleculeskarekcharged.
Whatkisksolubility?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkSolubilitykfavorskchargedkspecies,kpermeabilitykfavorskneutralkspecies.kS
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
k k k k k
Maryville Questions And Correct Verified Answers Latest Upd
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ate 2024/2025 Best Exam Top Ranked To Score A+ For Success
k k k k k k k k k k
omekmoleculeskhavekspecialkexchangekproteinskandkchannelsktokfacilitatekmovementkfromkthek
lumenkintokthekcirculation.
Whykdoeskabsorptionkoccurkatkakslowerkratekforkoral,kIM,kSQkroutes?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkAbsorptionkoccurskatkakslowerkratekbecausekthekcomplexkmembraneksyst
emskofkGIkmucosalklayers,kmuscle,kandkskinkdelaykdrugkpassage.
Thekabilitykofkakdrugktokcrosskakcellkmembranekdependskon:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkwhetherkthekdrugkiskwaterkorklipidk(fat)ksoluble.kLipid-
solublekdrugskeasilykcrosskthroughkcellkmembranes;kwater-solublekdrugskcan't.kLipid-
solublekdrugskcankalsokcrosskthekblood-brainkbarrierkandkenterkthekbrain.
Askakdrugktravelskthroughkthekbody,kitkcomeskinkcontactkwith?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkproteinsksuchkaskthekplasmakproteinkalbumin.kThekdrugkcankremainkfreek
orkbindktokthekprotein.kThekportionkofkakdrugkthat'skboundktokakproteinkiskinactivekandkcan'tkexe
rtkaktherapeutickeffect.kOnlykthekfree,korkunbound,kportionkremainskactive.kAkdrugkisksaidktokbek
highlykprotein-boundkifkmorekthank80%kofkthekdrugkiskboundktokprotein.
Identifykdrugkmetabolismkandkthekrolekofkisoenzymeskinkthekp450ksystemk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkCYPskarekthekarekthekmajorkenzymeskinvolvedkinkdrugkmetabolismkaccou
ntingkforkaboutk75%kofkthektotalkmetabolism.
NaturallykoccurringkcompoundskmaykinducekorkinhibitkCYPkactivity.k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkForkexample,kbioactivekcompoundskfoundkinkgrapefruitkjuicekandksomeko
therkfruitkjuiceskincludingkdihydroxykforgottenkandkparasitinkAkhavekbeenkfoundktokinhibitkCYP3
a4kmediatedkmetabolismkofkcertainkmedicationskleadingktokincreasedkbioavailabilitykandkthekst
rongkpossibilitykofkoverdosing.
WhatkdoeskgrapefruitkhavektokdokwithkCYP?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkGrapefruitkiskankinhibitorkandkwillkdecreasekthekmetabolismkofkdrugskbykt
hekcypkenzymes
Whenk2kdrugskarekbothkmetabolizedkbykthekp450ksystemkthekdrugkshouldkbek-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkadministeredkatkseparatektimesktokpreventkthekmetabolismkofkonekdrugkr
esultingkinktoxickeffectskofkthekotherkdrug.k(becausekitkwouldkhaveklesskproteinktokbindktoo,kthus
kmorekfreekfloatingkdrug)
k k k k k
Maryville Questions And Correct Verified Answers Latest Upd
k k k k k k k k
ate 2024/2025 Best Exam Top Ranked To Score A+ For Success
k k k k k k k k k k
Howkdoeskhypoalbuminemiakaffectkthekprocesskofkprescribing?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLowkalbumink=kmorekfreekdrugk(bckthekdrugkcan'tkbindktokalbuminkakakpr
otein)k=kincreasedkadversekeffects
WhatkiskakBlackkBoxkWarning:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkiskconsideredkakcontraindicationktokadministerkthatkdrug.
Whatkiskthekdrugskhalf-life?k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkHalf-
lifekspecificallykmeanskthekamountkofktimekitktakeskforkankadministeredkdrugktokbekhalfwaykclea
redkfromktheksystem.
Peakkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkdrugkadministration kandkmaximumkconcentration kofk
drugkinkthekbloodkstream.kBestktherapeutickeffect.
Durationkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkonsetkofkactionkandkmetabolismkofkdrugkbelowkthekmi
nimumkneededkforkankeffect.kTheklengthkofktimekyoukhavekthekdrugkinkyourksystem.
AccordingktokthekWHOkwhatkiskthekfirstkstepkinkthekprescribingkprocess?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfirstkstepkisktokdefinekthekpatient'skproblem
Theksecondkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkspecifykthektherapeutickobjective
Thekthirdkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkchoosekwhichkdrugkorktreatmentkiskneeded.
Stepk4kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkStartkthektreatment
Stepk5kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkEducatekthekpatient
Stepk6kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkMonitorkthektreatment
Phasek1kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekdrugkisktestedkonkhealthykvolunteers
,Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
k k k k k
Maryville Questions And Correct Verified Answers Latest Upd
k k k k k k k k
ate 2024/2025 Best Exam Top Ranked To Score A+ For Success
k k k k k k k k k k
Phasek2kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkktrialskwithkpeoplekwhokhavekthekdiseasekforkwhichkthekdrugkiskthoughtkto
kbekeffective
Phasek3kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLargeknumberskofkpatientskinkmedicalkresearchkcenterskreceivekthekdrugki
nkphasek3.kThisklargerksamplingkprovideskinformationkaboutkinfrequentkorkrarekadversekeffects.k
ThekFFAkwillkapprovekaknewkdrugkapplicationkifkphasek3kstudieskareksatisfactory.
Phasek4kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThiskphasekiskvoluntarykandkinvolveskpostmarketksurveillancekofkthekdrug
'sktherapeutickeffectskatkthekcompletionkofkphasek3.kThekpharmaceuticalkcompanykreceiveskrep
ortskfromkdoctorskandkotherkhealthkcarekprofessionalskaboutkthektherapeutickresultskandkadver
sekeffectskofkthekdrug.kSomekmedications,kforkexample,khavekbeenkfoundktokbektoxickandkhavekb
eenkremovedkfromkthekmarketkafterktheirkinitialkrelease.
Explainkfirstkpasskmetabolismk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkmuchkofkthekdrugkisklostkinkthekabsorptionkprocess.kThekliverkmetabolizes
kmanykdrugs,kthuskreduceskthekbioavailabiltykofkthekdrug.
Whatkiskthekfastedkroutekofkabsorption:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfastestkroutekofkabsorptionkiskinhalation,kandknotkaskmistakenlykcons
ideredkthekIVkadministration.
WhykdoeskthekGIktractktakeklongerktokabsorb?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekGIktractkisklinedkwithkepithelialkcells;kdrugskmustkpermeatekthroughkt
hesekcellskinkorderktokbekabsorbedkintokthekcirculatoryksystem.
WhatkiskOnekparticularkcellularkbarrierkthatkmaykpreventkabsorptionkofkakgivenkdrug?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthekcellkmembrane.kCellkmembraneskarekessentiallyklipidkbilayerskwhichkf
ormkaksemipermeablekmembrane.kPureklipidkbilayerskarekgenerallykpermeablekonlyktoksmallkan
dkunchargedksolutes,khencekwhetherkorknotkakmoleculekiskionizedkwillkaffectkitskabsorption,ksinc
ekionickmoleculeskarekcharged.
Whatkisksolubility?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkSolubilitykfavorskchargedkspecies,kpermeabilitykfavorskneutralkspecies.kS
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
k k k k k
Maryville Questions And Correct Verified Answers Latest Upd
k k k k k k k k
ate 2024/2025 Best Exam Top Ranked To Score A+ For Success
k k k k k k k k k k
omekmoleculeskhavekspecialkexchangekproteinskandkchannelsktokfacilitatekmovementkfromkthek
lumenkintokthekcirculation.
Whykdoeskabsorptionkoccurkatkakslowerkratekforkoral,kIM,kSQkroutes?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkAbsorptionkoccurskatkakslowerkratekbecausekthekcomplexkmembraneksyst
emskofkGIkmucosalklayers,kmuscle,kandkskinkdelaykdrugkpassage.
Thekabilitykofkakdrugktokcrosskakcellkmembranekdependskon:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkwhetherkthekdrugkiskwaterkorklipidk(fat)ksoluble.kLipid-
solublekdrugskeasilykcrosskthroughkcellkmembranes;kwater-solublekdrugskcan't.kLipid-
solublekdrugskcankalsokcrosskthekblood-brainkbarrierkandkenterkthekbrain.
Askakdrugktravelskthroughkthekbody,kitkcomeskinkcontactkwith?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkproteinsksuchkaskthekplasmakproteinkalbumin.kThekdrugkcankremainkfreek
orkbindktokthekprotein.kThekportionkofkakdrugkthat'skboundktokakproteinkiskinactivekandkcan'tkexe
rtkaktherapeutickeffect.kOnlykthekfree,korkunbound,kportionkremainskactive.kAkdrugkisksaidktokbek
highlykprotein-boundkifkmorekthank80%kofkthekdrugkiskboundktokprotein.
Identifykdrugkmetabolismkandkthekrolekofkisoenzymeskinkthekp450ksystemk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkCYPskarekthekarekthekmajorkenzymeskinvolvedkinkdrugkmetabolismkaccou
ntingkforkaboutk75%kofkthektotalkmetabolism.
NaturallykoccurringkcompoundskmaykinducekorkinhibitkCYPkactivity.k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkForkexample,kbioactivekcompoundskfoundkinkgrapefruitkjuicekandksomeko
therkfruitkjuiceskincludingkdihydroxykforgottenkandkparasitinkAkhavekbeenkfoundktokinhibitkCYP3
a4kmediatedkmetabolismkofkcertainkmedicationskleadingktokincreasedkbioavailabilitykandkthekst
rongkpossibilitykofkoverdosing.
WhatkdoeskgrapefruitkhavektokdokwithkCYP?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkGrapefruitkiskankinhibitorkandkwillkdecreasekthekmetabolismkofkdrugskbykt
hekcypkenzymes
Whenk2kdrugskarekbothkmetabolizedkbykthekp450ksystemkthekdrugkshouldkbek-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkadministeredkatkseparatektimesktokpreventkthekmetabolismkofkonekdrugkr
esultingkinktoxickeffectskofkthekotherkdrug.k(becausekitkwouldkhaveklesskproteinktokbindktoo,kthus
kmorekfreekfloatingkdrug)
