BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is clock-dependent alerting? - CORRECT ANSWERS Your internal
biological clock (circadian rhythm) that is set by your exposure to light and
causes your body to feel more awake at certain times of the day (usually 10am
and 7pm)
What is stage I sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Light sleep, usually lasts about 15
minutes and does not require an adjustment after being woken up
What is stage II sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS An unconscious, light sleep that
lasts about 20 minutes (then increasing) and requires very little adjustment
after being woken up
What is stage III sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Deepest, most restorative at
paying off sleep debt. Respiratory rate slows down and eyes are not moving.
Lasts about 40 minutes (then decreasing) and the brain protects you by
blocking the motor outputs to the skeletal muscles
What is REM sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Raped Eye Movement. Eyes move,
twitching, heart rate increases, high sympathetic inputs, is very restorative and
sleep walking can occur. Lasts about 10 minutes (then increasing)
How many times do you go through the sleep cycle in a night? - CORRECT
ANSWERS 4-6 times. I, II, III, REM - II, III, REM - II, III, REM etc
What is the function of the visceral and parietal layers? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Reduce friction by containing serous fluid
,BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is the fibrous pericardium, where is it and what is its function? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It is similar to deep fascia because it is not stretchy. It is on the
exterior surface of the pericardial sac and runs from the diaphragm to the
ascending aorta. It prevents the heart from overfilling
What is visceral pericardium also known as? - CORRECT ANSWERS Epicardium
What are the three layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral
pericardium
What is the transverse pericardial sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Where you can
apply a clamp or a ligature around aorta and pulmonary trunk so blood does
not come back into the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass (open heart)
surgery
What is cardiopulmonary bypass? - CORRECT ANSWERS When blood is drained
by the right atrium and sent through a machine that oxygenates it and keeps it
warm, then it is delivered back to the body through holes (cannulas) made in
the aorta and pulmonary trunk
What is the oblique pericardial sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Used for open
cardiac massage (the patient is usually already on the table) when chest
compressions are not working. This can be done through the 5th intercostal
space or median sternotomy
,BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is a median sternotomy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Allows access to the
heart in two minutes by cranking the ribs open. This is best done with parietal
pericardium open. Place one flat hand in the oblique sinus and the other on
the heart and start compressions
Trace a drop of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWERS Inferior and
superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs (to become oxygenated), pulmonary
veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve,
arch of the aorta - then 3 different pathways:
1. brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery and right subclavian
artery, right upper limbs, superior vena cava
2. Left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery, left upper limbs,
superior vena cava
3. descending aorta, lower limbs, inferior vena cava
What does it mean to be right dominant? - CORRECT ANSWERS The right
coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery (67% of
people) - It takes a turn when it hits the posterior interventricular sulcus
What three vessels drain into the coronary sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Great,
middle and small cardiac veins
Where does the great cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus. It drains the
interventricular septum and the right and left ventricles on the anterior side
(then takes a turn into the right coronary sulcus)
, BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
Where does the middle cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus. It drains the
interventricular septum and the right and left ventricles on the posterior side
Where does the small cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the coronary sulcus eventually, but does not start there. It
drains the right ventricle
Where do the anterior cardiac veins run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs over the right coronary sulcus that holds the right coronary
artery. It drains the anterior right ventricle and drains directly into the right
atrium
What are the smallest cardiac veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are mostly in
low pressure chambers (atria, right ventricle has a few). They leave the
capillary bed and drain directly into a heart chamber
What is atrial fibrillation? - CORRECT ANSWERS The vibration of the walls of
the heart (not coordinated, but can live through)
What are the short term effects of sleep deprivation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Daytime sleepiness, accident rate, simple/complex tasks, immune function and
emotional/social function
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is clock-dependent alerting? - CORRECT ANSWERS Your internal
biological clock (circadian rhythm) that is set by your exposure to light and
causes your body to feel more awake at certain times of the day (usually 10am
and 7pm)
What is stage I sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Light sleep, usually lasts about 15
minutes and does not require an adjustment after being woken up
What is stage II sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS An unconscious, light sleep that
lasts about 20 minutes (then increasing) and requires very little adjustment
after being woken up
What is stage III sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Deepest, most restorative at
paying off sleep debt. Respiratory rate slows down and eyes are not moving.
Lasts about 40 minutes (then decreasing) and the brain protects you by
blocking the motor outputs to the skeletal muscles
What is REM sleep? - CORRECT ANSWERS Raped Eye Movement. Eyes move,
twitching, heart rate increases, high sympathetic inputs, is very restorative and
sleep walking can occur. Lasts about 10 minutes (then increasing)
How many times do you go through the sleep cycle in a night? - CORRECT
ANSWERS 4-6 times. I, II, III, REM - II, III, REM - II, III, REM etc
What is the function of the visceral and parietal layers? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Reduce friction by containing serous fluid
,BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is the fibrous pericardium, where is it and what is its function? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It is similar to deep fascia because it is not stretchy. It is on the
exterior surface of the pericardial sac and runs from the diaphragm to the
ascending aorta. It prevents the heart from overfilling
What is visceral pericardium also known as? - CORRECT ANSWERS Epicardium
What are the three layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral
pericardium
What is the transverse pericardial sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Where you can
apply a clamp or a ligature around aorta and pulmonary trunk so blood does
not come back into the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass (open heart)
surgery
What is cardiopulmonary bypass? - CORRECT ANSWERS When blood is drained
by the right atrium and sent through a machine that oxygenates it and keeps it
warm, then it is delivered back to the body through holes (cannulas) made in
the aorta and pulmonary trunk
What is the oblique pericardial sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Used for open
cardiac massage (the patient is usually already on the table) when chest
compressions are not working. This can be done through the 5th intercostal
space or median sternotomy
,BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
What is a median sternotomy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Allows access to the
heart in two minutes by cranking the ribs open. This is best done with parietal
pericardium open. Place one flat hand in the oblique sinus and the other on
the heart and start compressions
Trace a drop of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWERS Inferior and
superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs (to become oxygenated), pulmonary
veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve,
arch of the aorta - then 3 different pathways:
1. brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery and right subclavian
artery, right upper limbs, superior vena cava
2. Left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery, left upper limbs,
superior vena cava
3. descending aorta, lower limbs, inferior vena cava
What does it mean to be right dominant? - CORRECT ANSWERS The right
coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery (67% of
people) - It takes a turn when it hits the posterior interventricular sulcus
What three vessels drain into the coronary sinus? - CORRECT ANSWERS Great,
middle and small cardiac veins
Where does the great cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus. It drains the
interventricular septum and the right and left ventricles on the anterior side
(then takes a turn into the right coronary sulcus)
, BIO416 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEWEST UPDATED 2024/2025
ALL ANSWERS GET IT CORRECT 100%
VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
Where does the middle cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus. It drains the
interventricular septum and the right and left ventricles on the posterior side
Where does the small cardiac vein run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs in the coronary sulcus eventually, but does not start there. It
drains the right ventricle
Where do the anterior cardiac veins run and what does it drain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It runs over the right coronary sulcus that holds the right coronary
artery. It drains the anterior right ventricle and drains directly into the right
atrium
What are the smallest cardiac veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are mostly in
low pressure chambers (atria, right ventricle has a few). They leave the
capillary bed and drain directly into a heart chamber
What is atrial fibrillation? - CORRECT ANSWERS The vibration of the walls of
the heart (not coordinated, but can live through)
What are the short term effects of sleep deprivation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Daytime sleepiness, accident rate, simple/complex tasks, immune function and
emotional/social function
