NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Final Exam Review (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care Practicum Questions and Answers

NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Final Exam Review Topics GI Disorders .... Ulcerative colitis A 38-year-old male patient has recently had an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Which self-care measures should the clinician teach him about to relieve food blockage? massage the peristomal area Diverticulitis Which of the following is true regarding diverticula obesity is correlated Left lower quadrant abdominal pain for 2 days, the pain started suddenly and then fever, chills, anorexia, nausea and painless bloody stools. Acute diverticulitis pg. 2 An 82-year-old female has been diagnosed with irritable bowel, chronic constipation, and diverticulosis following a colonoscopy. Which pharmacological agent should the clinician recommend? bulk laxative Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for the patient with irritable bowel syndrome? High fiber diet A 35-year-old female patent is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following should be included in the history and physical exam? digital rectal exam, Sexual history, Pelvic exam We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A 28-year-old patent is seen in the clinic with colicky abdominal pain, particularly with meals. She has frequent constipation, flatulence, and abdominal distension. Which of the data make a diagnosis of diverticulitis unlikely? Her age We have an expert-written solution to this problem! C. diff Definition and Risk factors C. diff Symptoms pg. 3 C. diff Diagnosis C. diff Treatment GERD pathophysiology A 54-year-old female presents to your primary care office for routine reevaluation for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). She has been treated with diet modifications and 6 weeks of omeprazole without improvement of her symptoms. What is the next step in the management of this patient's GERD? Order an endoscopy (This is the next step in treatment in order to evaluate the etiology of the patient's GERD and consider biopsy if necessary) pg. 4 We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A 67-year-old female on multiple medications for chronic conditions was just diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In teaching the patient about the disease, what medication should the clinician recommend that the patient refrain from using? nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs The patient with gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be instructed to eliminate which of these activities? Weight lifting A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis, in addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of differential diagnoses? Pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, All of the above A patient is diagnosed with Giardia after a backpacking trip in the mountains. Which of the following would be the appropriate treatment? Metrinidazole A patient is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain that is radiating to the middle of the back. The clinician suspects acute cholelithiasis. The clinician should expect which of the following laboratory findings? Elevated alkaline phosphatase A patient is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and his endoscopic report reveals the presence of Barretts epithelium. Which of the following information should the clinician include in the explanation of the pathology This is a premalignant tissue, This tissue is resistant to gastric acid, This tissue supports healing of the esophagus: All of the above pg. 5 which of the following dietary information should be given to a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Eliminate coffee Mark has necrotizing fasciitis of his left lower extremity. Pressure on the skin reveals crepitus due to gas production by which anaerobic bacteria? Clostridium perfringens A patient is diagnosed with GERD, the clinician knows that she misunderstands the teaching when she says: stop smoking eat smaller meals -have a snack before retiring for bed. a patient presents to the clinic with a dry cough, non smoker, for 5 weeks. the cough increases at night, he reports episodes of heartburn after meals. what should the differential include? GERD A 64-year-old obese woman comes in complaining of difficulty swallowing for the past 3 weeks. She states that "some foods get stuck" and she has been having "heartburn" at night when she lies down, especially if she has had a heavy meal. Occasionally, she awakes at night coughing. She denies weight gain and/or weight loss, vomiting, or change in bowel movements or color of stools. She denies alcohol and tobacco use. There is no pertinent family history or findings on review of systems (ROS). Physical examination is normal, with no abdominal tenderness, and the stool is occult blood (OB) negative. What is the most likely diagnosis? GERD Mr. J. K., 38 years old, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 189 pounds. He reports that he has had intermittent heartburn for several months for which he takes Tums with temporary relief. He has been waking during the night with a burning sensation in his chest. Which additional information's would lead you to believe that gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause of his pain? He awakens at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth Which of the following dietary information's should be given to a patent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Stop coffee pg. 6 PUD A 29-year-old Englishman is seen in the office with complaints of pain in his chest and belly for 2 weeks. He gets temporary relief from Alka Seltzer. The burning pain wakes him at night and radiates up into his chest. Which factor favors a diagnosis of gastric ulcer? His use of Alka Seltzer You suspect that Harry has a peptic ulcer and tell him that it has been found to be strongly associated with: Infection by Helicobacter pylori (About 90% of cases of pepti c ulcers have been found to be